Neolithisation in Polish Territories: Different Patterns, Different Perspectives, and Marek Zvelebil’s Ideas

Nowak, Marek

doi:10.24916/iansa.2013.1.6

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This is in accordance with our results, since we did not find it in populations following LBK, i.e. belonging to Lengyel and Globular Amphora cultures (Table D in S1 File ), although first farmers had a chance to pass it during at least 6 centuries [ 56 ]. Both populations inhabited the same area and used milk introduced to it as early as in the middle of 8 th millennium BP, as recently confirmed by the oldest evidence of cheese making in Kuyavia by LBK people [ 57 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The result falls well into the period following the one during which profile of mtDNA lineages characteristic for the Early Neolithic LBK was deeply altered, as reported by Brotherton et al [ 62 ]. The obtained result seems to confirm the suggestion, based on the T allele absence in Neolithic samples, that LBK people entering the studied region at ∼7.4 Ka BP [ 56 ] have not introduced LCT-13910*T although they were practicing dairying [ 57 ]. Obviously, only analysis of further individuals representing different archaeological sites in Kuyavia and the Chełmno land, especially from the Late Neolithic and the Bronze Age, through successive generations, can reveal the true shape of the obtained profile, especially in early stages of selection.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Unfortunately, the skeletal material from the LBK period providing amplifiable DNA was unattainable. The fact that we did not find the T allele in any of the studied Neolithic samples representing successive populations and dated between 6.5 and 4.5 Ka BP suggests that it might not have been introduced to the region by dairying LBK people entering Kuyavia in the middle of the 8 th millennium BP [ 56 , 57 ]. One can expect that the T allele, if present in the LBK population, should be spread, as an advantageous one, between successive generations and selected rapidly in small Kuyavian dairying populations [ 57 ], assuming genetic drift weak enough to allow for visible selection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Hunting for the LCT-13910*T Allele between the Middle Neolithic and the Middle Ages Suggests Its Absence in Dairying LBK People Entering the Kuyavia Region in the 8th Millennium BP

et al. 2015

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Populations from two medieval sites in Central Poland, Stary Brześć Kujawski-4 (SBK-4) and Gruczno, represented high level of lactase persistence (LP) as followed by the LCT-13910*T allele’s presence (0.86 and 0.82, respectively). It was twice as high as in contemporaneous Cedynia (0.4) and Śródka (0.43), both located outside the region, higher than in modern inhabitants of Poland (0.51) and almost as high as in modern Swedish population (0.9). In an attempt to explain the observed differences its frequency changes in time were followed between the Middle Neolithic and the Late Middle Ages in successive dairying populations on a relatively small area (radius ∼60km) containing the two sites. The introduction of the T allele to Kuyavia 7.4 Ka BP by dairying LBK people is not likely, as suggested by the obtained data. It has not been found in any of Neolithic samples dated between 6.3 and 4.5 Ka BP. The identified frequency profile indicates that both the introduction and the beginning of selection could have taken place approx. 4 millennia after first LBK people arrived in the region, shifting the value of LP frequency from 0 to more than 0.8 during less than 130 generations. We hypothesize that the selection process of the T allele was rather rapid, starting just after its introduction into already milking populations and operated via high rates of fertility and mortality on children after weaning through life-threatening conditions, favoring lactose-tolerant individuals. Facing the lack of the T allele in people living on two great European Neolithization routes, the Danubian and Mediterranean ones, and based on its high frequency in northern Iberia, its presence in Scandinavia and estimated occurrence in Central Poland, we propose an alternative Northern Route of its spreading as very likely. None of the successfully identified nuclear alleles turned out to be deltaF508 CFTR.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Hunting for the LCT-13910*T Allele between the Middle Neolithic and the Middle Ages Suggests Its Absence in Dairying LBK People Entering the Kuyavia Region in the 8th Millennium BP

et al. 2015

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“…Features of late crop introduction are also seen in neighbouring north-eastern Poland. According to Nowak (2007, 2013), the populations of north-eastern Poland remained hunters and gatherers until the end of the third millennium bc , and possibly even longer. The Neolithization of northern Poland is associated with such archaeological cultures as the Globular Amphora culture (GAC hereafter), the Corded Ware culture (CWC hereafter) and possibly the Trzciniec culture (Nowak, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Earliest Evidence of Agriculture in Lithuania and the Earliest Direct AMS Date on Cereal

Grikpėdis

Matuzevičiūtė

2017

Eur. j. archaeol

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Current knowledge of the beginnings of crop cultivation in Lithuania is based mainly on Cerealia-type pollen data supplemented by other indirect evidence such as agricultural tools. We argue that these records, predating carbonized remains of cultivated plants, are not substantial enough indicators of the early stages of agriculture in Lithuania. Here, we demonstrate that the macroremains of cultural plants that were previously reported from two Neolithic settlements in Lithuania were either mistakenly identified as domestic crops or incorrectly ascribed to the Neolithic period due to movement through the stratigraphic sequence and the absence of direct dating of cereal grains. Furthermore, we present a charred Hordeum vulgare grain from the Bronze Age settlement of Kvietiniai in western Lithuania. It was AMS-dated to 1392–1123 cal bc, and at present represents the earliest definite evidence for a crop in the eastern Baltic region. We conclude that, presently, there are no grounds to suggest that crop cultivation took place in Lithuania during the Neolithic.

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“…In the territories like north-central Poland these farmers came into contact with well established hunter-gatherers communities of the Baltic region, which in turn occupied habitats not attractive for the agricultural lifestyle of LBK and post-LBK cultures. As a consequence, a borderland between the Neolithic farmer and HG worlds was constituted where farmers and HGs coexisted with each other for over one thousand years (during the fifth millennium BCE) 21 – 23 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A genomic Neolithic time transect of hunter-farmer admixture in central Poland

Fernandes

Strapagiel

Borówka

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Ancient DNA genome-wide analyses of Neolithic individuals from central and southern Europe indicate an overall population turnover pattern in which migrating farmers from Anatolia and the Near East largely replaced autochthonous Mesolithic hunter-gatherers. However, the genetic history of the Neolithic transition in areas lying north of the European Neolithic core region involved different levels of admixture with hunter-gatherers. Here we analyse genome-wide data of 17 individuals spanning from the Middle Neolithic to the Early Bronze Age (4300-1900 BCE) in order to assess the Neolithic transition in north-central Poland, and the local impacts of hunter-farmer contacts and Late Neolithic steppe migrations. We evaluate the influence of these on local populations and assess if and how they change through time, reporting evidence of recurrent hunter-farmer admixture over three millennia, and the co-existence of unadmixed hunter-gatherers as late as 4300 BCE. During the Late Neolithic we report the appearance of steppe ancestry, but on a lesser scale than previously described for other central European regions, with evidence of stronger affinities to hunter-gatherers than to steppe pastoralists. These results help understand the Neolithic palaeogenomics of another central European area, Kuyavia, and highlight the complexity of population interactions during those times.

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Neolithisation in Polish Territories: Different Patterns, Different Perspectives, and Marek Zvelebil’s Ideas

Cited by 11 publications

References 24 publications

Hunting for the LCT-13910*T Allele between the Middle Neolithic and the Middle Ages Suggests Its Absence in Dairying LBK People Entering the Kuyavia Region in the 8th Millennium BP

Hunting for the LCT-13910*T Allele between the Middle Neolithic and the Middle Ages Suggests Its Absence in Dairying LBK People Entering the Kuyavia Region in the 8th Millennium BP

A Review of the Earliest Evidence of Agriculture in Lithuania and the Earliest Direct AMS Date on Cereal

A genomic Neolithic time transect of hunter-farmer admixture in central Poland

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