Neolithic transition in Europe: the radiocarbon record revisited

Gkiasta, Marina; Russell, Thembi; Shennan, Stephen; Steele, James

doi:10.1017/s0003598x00061330

Cited by 196 publications

(154 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…This more modern society was the successor of the previous hunter-gatherer society after the Neolithic transition. [12,13] In a previous study exclusively sheep and cattle were identified from four samples of his coat, leggings and a shoe, respectively. [14] An agro-pastoral society with hunting activities, however, can be assumed, if additional use of wild game furs can be confirmed.…”

Section: The Tyrolean Mummymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[20,21] In contrast with the more labile DNA, some proteins are thereby more resistant to chemical degradation. [22] A very good preservation of bone collagen could be shown in several mammalian species from the Late Pleistocene using stable 13 C-and 15 N-isotope abundance investigations. [23] Fragments of the structural collagen proteins could be identified in extinct mammoths (Mammuthus trogentherii, M. primigenius), mastodon (Mammut americanum) and straight-tusked elephant (Elephas (Palaeoloxondon) antiquus) fossils from Late to Middle Pleistocene using immunological and mass spectrometric methods.…”

Section: Identification Of Ancient Fur and Hairmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry combined with multidimensional scaling, binary hierarchical cluster tree and selected diagnostic masses improves species identification of Neolithic keratin sequences from furs of the Tyrolean Iceman Oetzi

Hollemeyer

Altmeyer²,

Heinzle

et al. 2012

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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The identification of fur origins from the 5300-year-old Tyrolean Iceman's accoutrement is not yet complete, although definite identification is essential for the socio-cultural context of his epoch. Neither have all potential samples been identified so far, nor there has a consensus been reached on the species identified using the classical methods. Archaeological hair often lacks analyzable hair scale patterns in microscopic analyses and polymer chain reaction (PCR)-based techniques are often inapplicable due to the lack of amplifiable ancient DNA. To overcome these drawbacks, a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) method was used exclusively based on hair keratins. Thirteen fur specimens from his accoutrement were analyzed after tryptic digest of native hair. Peptide mass fingerprints (pmfs) from ancient samples and from reference species mostly occurring in the Alpine surroundings at his lifetime were compared to each other using multidimensional scaling and binary hierarchical cluster tree analysis. Both statistical methods highly reflect spectral similarities among pmfs as close zoological relationships. While multidimensional scaling was useful to discriminate specimens on the zoological order level, binary hierarchical cluster tree reached the family or subfamily level. Additionally, the presence and/or absence of order, family and/or species-specific diagnostic masses in their pmfs allowed the identification of mammals mostly down to single species level. Red deer was found in his shoe vamp, goat in the leggings, cattle in his shoe sole and at his quiver's closing flap as well as sheep and chamois in his coat. Canid species, like grey wolf, domestic dog or European red fox, were discovered in his leggings for the first time, but could not be differentiated to species level. This is widening the spectrum of processed fur-bearing species to at least one member of the Canidae family. His fur cap was allocated to a carnivore species, but differentiation between brown bear and a canid species could not be made with certainty.

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Section: The Tyrolean Mummymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Identification Of Ancient Fur and Hairmentioning

confidence: 99%

Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry combined with multidimensional scaling, binary hierarchical cluster tree and selected diagnostic masses improves species identification of Neolithic keratin sequences from furs of the Tyrolean Iceman Oetzi

Hollemeyer

Altmeyer²,

Heinzle

et al. 2012

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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“…[2][3][4][5]. This method entails calibrating a large sample of radiocarbon dates, and then computing the dates' summed probability distribution.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Paleoindian demography and the extraterrestrial impact hypothesis

Buchanan

Collard

Edinborough

2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

109

108

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“…Working with radiocarbon dates relies, most fundamentally, on these being available, and researchers are strongly urged to both publish any new 14 C determinations and submit them to, or collate them in, publicly available radiocarbon databases (e.g., Gkiasta et al 2003;Niekus 2005Niekus /2006; http://geo.kuleuven.be/geography/projects/14c-palaeolithic; http://www.jungsteinsite.de/radon/radon.htm). In addition, it would be desirable to develop more rigorous means of statistically evaluating the properties of the summed probability distribution frequencies, with respect to both their departure from randomness and their correlation with climatic proxies [see M. A.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Beginning with the pioneer contribution of Clark (1965), investigators have used radiocarbon dates, coarsely, to examine large-scale trends in migration and, in relative levels, in population activity in space and time. Recent years have seen a great expansion in efforts to model past demography using 14 C dates, especially for the Neolithic (e.g., Bocquet-Appel et al 2009;Gkiasta et al 2003;Kuper and Kröpelin 2006;Shennan and Edinborough 2007) and late Paleolithic [e.g., Gamble et al 2004Gamble et al , 2005Gamble et al , 2006Housley et al 1997; see also the review by Surovell and Brantingham (2007)]. The argument is that calibrated radiocarbon dates can serve "as proxies for population history at a regional scale" Edinborough 2007: 1344), especially when the data sets are suffi ciently large to minimize potential sampling uncertainties.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate and Demography in Early Prehistory: Using Calibrated¹⁴C Dates as Population Proxies

Riede

2009

Human Biology

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Although difficult to estimate for prehistoric hunter-gatherer populations, demographic variables-population size, density, and the connectedness of demes-are critical for a better understanding of the processes of material culture change, especially in deep prehistory. Demography is the middle-range link between climatic changes and both biological and cultural evolutionary trajectories of human populations. Much of human material culture functions as a buffer against climatic changes, and the study of prehistoric population dynamics, estimated through changing frequencies of calibrated radiocarbon dates, therefore affords insights into how effectively such buffers operated and when they failed. In reviewing a number of case studies (Mesolithic Ireland, the origin of the Bromme culture, and the earliest late glacial human recolonization of southern Scandinavia), I suggest that a greater awareness of demographic processes, and in particular of demographic declines, provides many fresh insights into what structured the archaeological record. I argue that we cannot sideline climatic and environmental factors or extreme geophysical events in our reconstructions of prehistoric culture change. The implications of accepting demographic variability as a departure point for evaluating the archaeological record are discussed. Abstract Although diffi cult to estimate for prehistoric hunter-gatherer populations, demographic variables-population size, density, and the connectedness of demes-are critical for a better understanding of the processes of material culture change, especially in deep prehistory. Demography is the middle-range link between climatic changes and both biological and cultural evolutionary trajectories of human populations. Much of human material culture functions as a buffer against climatic changes, and the study of prehistoric population dynamics, estimated through changing frequencies of calibrated radiocarbon dates, therefore affords insights into how effectively such buffers operated and when they failed. In reviewing a number of case studies (Mesolithic Ireland, the origin of the Bromme culture, and the earliest late glacial human recolonization of southern Scandinavia), I suggest that a greater awareness of demographic processes, and in particular of demographic declines, provides many fresh insights into what structured the archaeological record. I argue that we cannot sideline climatic and environmental factors or extreme geophysical events in our reconstructions of prehistoric culture change. The implications of accepting demographic variability as a departure point for evaluating the archaeological record are discussed.Culture can usefully be conceptualized as a system of information transmission across generations that takes on Darwinian properties, because it displays features of variation between individuals, heritability of traits, and differential representation of these traits between generations (e.g., Boyd and Richerson 1985;Cavalli-Sforza and Feldman 1981;Eerkens and Lipo 200...

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Neolithic transition in Europe: the radiocarbon record revisited

Cited by 196 publications

References 28 publications

Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry combined with multidimensional scaling, binary hierarchical cluster tree and selected diagnostic masses improves species identification of Neolithic keratin sequences from furs of the Tyrolean Iceman Oetzi

Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry combined with multidimensional scaling, binary hierarchical cluster tree and selected diagnostic masses improves species identification of Neolithic keratin sequences from furs of the Tyrolean Iceman Oetzi

Paleoindian demography and the extraterrestrial impact hypothesis

Climate and Demography in Early Prehistory: Using Calibrated¹⁴C Dates as Population Proxies

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Neolithic transition in Europe: the radiocarbon record revisited

Cited by 196 publications

References 28 publications

Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry combined with multidimensional scaling, binary hierarchical cluster tree and selected diagnostic masses improves species identification of Neolithic keratin sequences from furs of the Tyrolean Iceman Oetzi

Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry combined with multidimensional scaling, binary hierarchical cluster tree and selected diagnostic masses improves species identification of Neolithic keratin sequences from furs of the Tyrolean Iceman Oetzi

Paleoindian demography and the extraterrestrial impact hypothesis

Climate and Demography in Early Prehistory: Using Calibrated14C Dates as Population Proxies

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Climate and Demography in Early Prehistory: Using Calibrated¹⁴C Dates as Population Proxies