Neoliberalizing cultural landscapes: Bali’s agrarian heritage

Wardana, Agung

doi:10.1080/14672715.2020.1714459

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Lack of political will, government priorities, and financial assistance are the main constraints to WH management [101][102][103]. Although governments do not hesitate to develop tourism, their mismanagement is inevitably criticized [104][105][106]. Travel agencies and tourism companies are an integral part of WH conservation.…”

Section: ) Stakeholdersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research progress and knowledge system of world heritage tourism: a bibliometric analysis

et al. 2022

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In the context of integrating culture and tourism, world heritage tourism research has become a focus in tourism research in recent years. There are increasing discussions in academic circles on the content and methods of this field. Clarifying the knowledge system of research is conducive to dialogue with international theoretical frontiers and integrating, analyzing, and predicting the progress and lineage from a more comprehensive perspective. Still, few studies on the knowledge system of world heritage tourism research have been conducted. To fill this gap, this study uses the SSCI and SCI sub-databases of Web of Science Core Collection as the data source with the help of CiteSpace and VOSviewer software to measure the knowledge system of world heritage tourism research. A bibliometric analysis of 567 publications between 1992 and 2020 was conducted to construct a framework of a knowledge system based on literature statistics and content analysis, revealing the geographic research regions, theories and methods, themes and contents, trend evolution, and future research inspiration. The results show that: (1) the number of publications tends to increase gradually, with the highest in 2019. The authors and research institutions are mainly concentrated in Europe, America, East Asia. China has the highest publications. More literature on cultural heritage as a geographical study area than natural heritage. (2) The research themes, objects, and methods of the sample literature have become more diversified with the advancement of the research stage. The literature on multi-stakeholder research is the largest, followed by tourism impacts and research on World Heritage Sites’ resource management techniques and methods. These studies provide a multifaceted interpretation of the sustainable development of World heritage tourism, mainly from the perspectives of both supply and demand. However, the theoretical system is still incomplete. (3) Future research should strengthen the theoretical system construction, research innovation, cooperation, and research exchange in world heritage tourism research. Pay more attention to the research on the pluralistic value system of world heritage. Focus on exploring research on world heritage tourism’s resilience and localization dilemmas under the impact of the New Crown epidemic. To reveal the synergistic mechanisms and paths of diversified livelihoods of World Heritage Sites’ residents in ecologically fragile and impoverished areas.

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Section: ) Stakeholdersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research progress and knowledge system of world heritage tourism: a bibliometric analysis

et al. 2022

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“…Après l'inscription, des problèmes de mise en oeuvre et de gestion se sont presque immédiatement posés : accroissement de la conversion des terres -20 à 25 % dans le cas du subak de Jatiluwih (Wardana 2020 : 281) transformés en parking et autres infrastructures touristiques -et de la spéculation foncière ; déséquilibre dans la répartition des bénéfices -avec peu de retombées économiques sur les subak et les familles d'agriculteurs (Wardana 2020 ;MacRae 2017) ; mise en cause de la cohésion sociale au sein de certains subak. Des inquiétudes et des oppositions ont alors été exprimées, tant par les populations locales que par les experts du patrimoine mondial 47 , rendant compte des écarts et des incompréhensions entre le système du patrimoine mondial, opaque pour les populations du subak, et l'expérience locale de la réalité quotidienne (MacRae 2017 : 855).…”

Section: Nathalie Lancretunclassified

The Construction of the Heritage Field in Bali: The Crossroads of Plural Representations of the Island and its Legacies

Lancret¹

2020

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En juin 2012, le dispositif balinais du subak est inscrit sur la liste du patrimoine mondial dans la catégorie « Paysage culturel 1 ». Système technique d'irrigation, le subak correspond à un espace physique, celui des rizières alimentées en eau par une même source et des villages qui leur sont associés, et à un espace social, celui des familles propriétaires d'une parcelle agricole (Geertz 1972 ; Lansing 1987). Dès l'année suivante, des manquements de la part des instances nationale et régionale dans la prise en compte de la vulnérabilité du paysage culturel et le soutien aux pratiques des communautés locales dans la gestion du dispositif alarment le Centre du patrimoine mondial 2. En parallèle, des incompréhensions et des contestations sont exprimées par les membres des sociétés d'irrigation des subak quant à l'usage des terres rizicoles et à la répartition des coûts et des bénéfices résultant de la reconnaissance patrimoniale (MacRae 2017).

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“…It connects Balinese agricultural management together within the village's Bale Banjar community center and Balinese temples. Management of the water is under the leadership of a chosen farmer, a priest that practices the Tri Hita Karana Philosophy, which is a self-described relationship between humans, the earth, and the Gods (Lansing 1987;Wardana 2020). Sutawan (2004) states that the elements of Tri Hita Karana are represented in the subak temple hierarchy and the rituals performed (parahyangan), the irrigation network, and paddy fields, including fauna and flora (palemahan), and the subak organization and rules (pawongan).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In practice, however, Subak for the people of Bali is not just an irrigation system, but also a concept of life for the people of Bali itself. In the view of the Balinese, Subak is a direct illustration of the Tri Hita Karana philosophy (Wardana 2020). As a method of structuring life together, Subak has been able to survive for more than a century because its people are obedient to ancestral traditions (Chong and Lai 2018) and The Subak has particular interest because of their sustainability in managing nature, human, and culture for more than a millennium (Surata and Vipriyanti 2018) Subak comprises several landscape components, namely: forests, terraced paddy landscape, rice fields, villages, and temples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short Communication: Plant diversity utilization and land cover composition in the Subak Jatiluwih, Bali, Indonesia

et al. 2021

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Abstract. Sutomo, Iryadi R, Darma ID, Wibawa IPAH, Rahayu A, Hanum SF, Rizal S, Novamizanti L, Raharjo J. 2021. Short Communication: Plant diversity utilization, and land cover composition in the Subak Jatiluwih, Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 1424-1432. Subak is water management or irrigation system for paddy fields in Bali Island and it has been assigned as a UNESCO’s World Heritage Site. At a landscape level, it comprises several components which are forests, terraced paddy landscape, rice fields, villages and temples. Subak in Jatiluwih Village, Tabanan Regency depicts an area characterized by its natural appearance in the form of a vast rice valley with a dike in stratum following its natural contours (frequent terraces). This paper aimed to explore plant diversity in various vegetations around Subak Jatiluwih as well as their usage in the daily living of the local community. We also explore the potential application of drone for classifying the landscape patterns of the Subak.Vegetation sampling to record plant diversity was done using purposive sampling, and drone or Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) was used to map the Subak Jatiluwih landscape. The potential usage of each species was obtained through interview with key respondents, and the level of usage of each species was analyzed using the BIV (Benefit Index Value). Tegalan area shows the highest number plant diversity in Subak Jatiluwih area. Furthermore, there are four species of plants that have the highest BIV namely: Cocos nucifera L., Psidium guajava L., Areca catechu L. and Musa × paradisiaca L.. Various plant uses by the locals include for animal feed, building, ceremony, craft, and food and medicinal purposes. The landscape in Subak Jatiluwih is dominated the vast valley of rice fields that has strata following its natural contours. These conditions provide opportunities to applied the conservation strategy based on cultural and custom values.

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Neoliberalizing cultural landscapes: Bali’s agrarian heritage

Cited by 9 publications

References 31 publications

Research progress and knowledge system of world heritage tourism: a bibliometric analysis

Research progress and knowledge system of world heritage tourism: a bibliometric analysis

The Construction of the Heritage Field in Bali: The Crossroads of Plural Representations of the Island and its Legacies

Short Communication: Plant diversity utilization and land cover composition in the Subak Jatiluwih, Bali, Indonesia

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