Neoliberal Mining amid El Niño Induced Drought in the Philippines

Holden, William N.

doi:10.5539/jgg.v5n1p58

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In this case, trade winds moved the event from Eastern Pacific to the Southern Pacific through part of the Southeast Asia region. As a result, severe weather, such as flooding, occurred in the Philippines and throughout the SCS region together with the region in Indonesia and Australia [Holden, 2013]. The variation of precipitation ( Figure 4b) shows an almost similar trend to that of PWV in Figure 3, especially for VVTS and PIMO.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…The ocean temperatures warmer than usual will result in low rains (atmosphere is drier) and can cause drought in the western Pacific. On the other hand, along with the increasing intensity of El Niño, the high rainfall is shifted towards the South as described by Holden [2013]. The origin of all these phenomena is usually coming from interactions between the oceans and the atmosphere.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Observations of Precipitable Water Vapor along the Maritime Continent Associated with El Niño-Southern Oscillation Activity

Suparta

2018

Annals of Geophysics

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The effect of El Niño and La Niña events is a major issue in the regional climate of Southeast Asia. This study uses the Precipitable Water Vapor (PWV) values estimated from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS; in particular Global Positioning System, GPS) to investigate the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) activity in the Southern coast of the South China Sea (SCS). For this study, GPS and meteorological systems are installed at the Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu (UMSK), which is located on the coast of the maritime continent. Subsequently, PWV from GPS and PWV obtained from Radiosonde, prior to the investigation of ENSO activity, are compared. To further investigate the relationship between PWV and ENSO activities, data from three additional GPS stations located along the coast of SCS during the 3-year period 2009-2011 were analyzed. The selection period considers the availability of GPS data. The obtained results show that during the increased intensity of El Niño in 2009/2010, PWV decreases and drops about 10-week later, i.e., after the sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTa) has peaked. PWV has a negative correlation with the El Niño index, which is comparable with precipitation data obtained from NASA's Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). In contrast, the amount of PWV was increased during the La Niña event of 2010/2011. This observation suggests the GPS is a suitable technique for studying the ENSO activity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations of Precipitable Water Vapor along the Maritime Continent Associated with El Niño-Southern Oscillation Activity

Suparta

2018

Annals of Geophysics

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“…This resulting orientation for Aridity Index (AI) was the same (Salvacion, 2021;(Terra Climate, 2021;Hilario, 2009;Holden, 2013;Holden, 2012). Publicly available monthly , The magnitude of the drought in the country ranges from 47 to 677 mm and can last from 2 to 11 months and the strength is from 60 to 800 mm/month.…”

Section: Temporalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilizing Gis Technology for Mapping Local Climate Zones: A Case Study of the Philippines

Balata,

Abdel Hameed,

El-Feky

2023

Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research

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The focus of this study is the Philippines, a Southeast Asia country with a land area of around 300,000 square kilometers, comprising 7,641 islands, its geographical location is between 4° 40 ' and 21° 10' North latitude and 116° 40' and 126° 34' East longitude in Southeast Asia. In this research, we aim to analyze the impact of climate change on surface water resources in the country. To achieve this objective, we will evaluate the distribution of the temperature and rainfall in different regions of the Philippines, investigate the current effects of climate change on surface water resources, and predict the future implications of climate change on surface water resources. Data related to monthly climate variables were gathered for the Philippines region from 57 meteorological stations, covering the period from 1991 to 2020. The variables included air temperature (minimum and maximum), wind speed, air humidity, sunshine period, irradiance, and precipitation. The sources of this data were the Philippines Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) for the Philippines, as well as the CLIMWAT databases. Graphs are created to visualize changes over time in weather stations. Data were presented using Boxplot. The aridity index was calculated to classify the different climates and assess the available water resources in the Philippines. For geographical areas with similar weather conditions. The aridity scale was calculated as a means of describing the water shortage in each area. The average annual of reference evapotranspiration of water (ETo) of the Philippines is (3.87 mm/day). The correlation between (ETo) and solar radiation is 0.9, which indicates that they are strongly positively correlated, and the correlation between (ETo) with sunshine period, maximum, mean, and minimum air temperature (0.72, 0.71, 0.63, 0.43) respectively indicating that they are positively correlated. The results concluded that the Philippines is divided into four climatic regions.

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“…Mining has also created many environmental as well as social problems. The environmental problems include, among others, pollution of rivers [2], of underground drinking water [3], droughts resulting from water being used in extraction [4], and various health problems following from mining [5]. In many cases, these problems have created local as well as national and global protests from environmental activists [6], who claim that some areas are too sensitive for mining, or that regulations have not been followed [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%