Neoharaldiophyllum, a new genus of Delesseriaceae (Rhodophyta) based on carposporophyte development and molecular data

Abstract

Abstract:The new genus Neoharaldiophyllum J.C. Kang et M.S. Kim belonging to the tribe Myriogrammeae, subfam-

Haraldiophyllum hawaiiense sp. nov. (Delesseriaceae, Rhodophyta): a new mesophotic genus record for the Hawaiian Islands

“…The molecular analyses included sequences representing the tribe Myriogrammeae (Figs 1 & 2 The phylogenetic trees based on LSU and rbcL sequences revealed the same topology: within the Myriogrammeae, Myriogramme sequences formed a distinct clade that was sister to the clade containing all Haraldiophyllum and Neoharaldiophyllum species, with strong bootstrap and posterior probability support. These results are similar to those reported by Lin et al (2007), Kim and Kang (2011), and Kang et al (2017), confirming the position of the three genera in the Myriogrammeae and the tribal relationships within the subfamily Phycodryoideae. Interestingly, a third clade of Haraldiophyllum specimens from European waters (collected from private aquaria) identified as Haraldiophyllum sp.…”

“…Comparison of the COI barcode sequences from the Hawaiian specimens ARS 09801, ARS 09803, and ARS 09938 to those in GenBank and BOLD returned the following values: 91.0% and 90.7% similarity with H. bonnemaisonii (BOLD: ABMMC21854-16) from Norway and N. mirable from Canada (BOLD: ABMMC1053-06), respectively, and 90.8% similarity with eight Neoharaldiophyllum udoense specimens (GenBank: KY497914-KY497921) from Korea (Kang et al 2017). Haraldiophyllum currently includes four species, but only the type, H. bonnemaisonii, has a COI barcode sequence; for this reason, a neighbor-joining analysis was not performed.…”

“…Although classification based on the arrangement of carposporangia has been used to describe the Myriogrammeae, comparisons are only valid when all developmental stages are reported (Hommersand and Fredericq 1997). In the present study it was decided to classify our specimens as members of Haraldiophyllum rather than Neoharaldiophyllum, even though the molecular similarity of our nificant character for genera within the Myriogrammeae, varying as one or two layers within Haraldiophyllum and Neoharaldiophyllum, versus two layers in Myriogramme and Platyclinia (Maggs and Hommersand 1993, Lin et al 2007, Kim and Kang 2011, Kang et al 2017.…”

“…The delesseriacean genus Haraldiophyllum was established by Zinova (1981) to include three previously described species: Nitophyllum bonnemaisonii (Kylin) Kylin (= Myriogramme bonnemaisonii Kylin) and N. versicolor Harvey from Atlantic Europe, and N. mirabile Kylin from Washington, USA. In these three species the two pericentral cells that are cut off from the fertile central cell in the procarp are located one on top of the other (i.e., parallel to the longitudinal axis of the thallus), while in the generitype of Nitophyllum, N. punctatum (Stackhouse) Greville (Kylin 1934), the pericentral cells are organized perpendicular to the axis (Wynne 2014, Kang et al 2017. Furthermore, N. punctatum is characterized by a single sterile-cell group in the development of the procarp, while the other three species have two sterile-cell groups (Kylin 1925(Kylin , 1934.…”

“…Four other species have been assigned to Haraldiophyllum, yielding seven species in total: H. bonnemaisonii (Kylin) (Nam and Kim 1996), was described as a new species based on vegetative morphological comparisons and phylogenetic analysis of the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase largesubunit (rbcL) gene (Kim and Kang 2011). In 2017, Kang and Kim proposed the genus Neoharaldiophyllum, establishing N. udoense (M. S. Kim & J. C. Kang) J. C. Kang & M. S. Kim as the generitype based on phylogenetic analyses of rbcL and nuclear large-subunit rRNA gene (LSU) markers and the following combination of morphological features: the primary gonimoblast filaments are secondarily fused with many floor cells of the cystocarp cavity, and arrangement of tetrasporangia within the tetrasporangial sori is symmetrical in two layers (Kang et al 2017). They also transferred three other species of Haraldiophyllum to Neoharaldiophyllum, such that the genus currently contains N. erosum (Harvey) J. C. Kang & M. S. Kim, N. mirable (Kylin) Kim and N. udoense. Haraldiophyllum and Neoharaldiophyllum species have been recorded worldwide, with H. bonnemaisonii reportedly having the widest distribution, including sev-ML-HPC2 on XSEDE v. 8.2.10 (Stamatakis 2014) via the CIPRES gateway (Miller et al 2010) with 1,000 bootstrap replicates and the GTRCAT model.…”