“…Numerous palaeomagnetic studies document clockwise vertical axis rotations of coherent, fault-bounded, crustal blocks up to ∼130 • within the MFS (e.g., Little and Roberts, 1997;Randall et al, 2011;Townsend, 2001;Wallace et al, 2012). Neogene plate reconstructions require significant displacement and re-orientation of the plate boundary, such that almost the entire ∼500 km length of the Hikurangi subduction zone rotated clockwise from a northwest trend in the Miocene, to its present-day northeast trend (e.g., Cande and Stock, 2004;King, 2000;Strogen et al, 2022;Walcott, 1978).…”