Neocortical Gray Matter Volume in First-Episode Schizophrenia and First-Episode Affective Psychosis: A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal MRI Study

Nakamura, Motoaki; Salisbury, Dean F.; Hirayasu, Yoshio; Bouix, Sylvain; Pohl, Kilian M.; Yoshida, Takeshi; Koo, Min-Seong; Shenton, Martha E.; McCarley, Robert W.

doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.03.030

Cited by 149 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 71 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

122

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Cingulate gyrus, thalamus, middle temporal gyrus and transverse temporal gyrus differed from controls in chronic, but not first episode patients, consistent with the progression of GM changes seen in first episode patients followed longitudinally (Nakamura et al, 2007). An additional caveat of the study is the influence of former substance dependence (greater than 12 months) on any gray matter volume changes.…”

Section: This Samplesupporting

confidence: 67%

A large scale (N=400) investigation of gray matter differences in schizophrenia using optimized voxel-based morphometry

Meda

Giuliani

Calhoun

et al. 2008

Schizophrenia Research

111

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background-Many studies have employed voxel-based morphometry (VBM) of MRI images as an automated method of investigating cortical gray matter differences in schizophrenia. However, results from these studies vary widely, likely due to different methodological or statistical approaches.Objective-To use VBM to investigate gray matter differences in schizophrenia in a sample significantly larger than any published to date, and to increase statistical power sufficiently to reveal differences missed in smaller analyses.Methods-Magnetic resonance whole brain images were acquired from four geographic sites, all using the same model 1.5T scanner and software version, and combined to form a sample of 200 patients with both first episode and chronic schizophrenia and 200 healthy controls, matched for age, gender and scanner location. Gray matter concentration was assessed and compared using optimized VBM.Results-Compared to the healthy controls, schizophrenia patients showed significantly less gray matter concentration in multiple cortical and subcortical regions, some previously unreported. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Overall, we found lower concentrations of gray matter in regions identified in prior studies, most of which reported only subsets of the affected areas. NIH Public AccessConclusions-Gray matter differences in schizophrenia are most comprehensively elucidated using a large, diverse and representative sample.

show abstract

Section: This Samplesupporting

confidence: 67%

A large scale (N=400) investigation of gray matter differences in schizophrenia using optimized voxel-based morphometry

Meda

Giuliani

Calhoun

et al. 2008

Schizophrenia Research

111

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Genetic vulnerabilities such as loss of function mutations in DGK or RGS4 may predispose patients with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia to increased PKC signaling, thus lowering the threshold for dendritic atrophy. This idea is supported by the recent findings that lithium, which indirectly inhibits PKC activity, restores prefrontal gray matter in patients with bipolar disorder (37)(38)(39)(40). In PTSD, the experience of a traumatic stress and subsequent repeated, conditioned stressors would produce chronic elevation of stress-signaling pathways.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Importantly, PTSD, lead poisoning, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder are all associated with prefrontal gray matter loss (10), and where studied, dendritic spine loss from prefrontal pyramidal neurons (36). Recent data indicate that lithium can rescue prefrontal gray matter in bipolar disorder (37)(38)(39)(40) and restore stress-induced dendritic retraction in rat hip-pocampi (8), suggesting that PKC signaling may contribute to architectural changes in patients with mental illness. Thus, there is immediate clinical significance to determining whether PKC signaling contributes to prefrontal dendritic spine loss in vivo.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of protein kinase C signaling protects prefrontal cortex dendritic spines and cognition from the effects of chronic stress

Hains

Maciejewski

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

202

186

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The prefrontal cortex r regulates behavior, cognition, and emotion by using working memory. Prefrontal functions are impaired by stress exposure. Acute, stress-induced deficits arise from excessive protein kinase C (PKC) signaling, which diminishes prefrontal neuronal firing. Chronic stress additionally produces architectural changes, reducing dendritic complexity and spine density of cortico-cortical pyramidal neurons, thereby disrupting excitatory working memory networks. In vitro studies have found that sustained PKC activity leads to spine loss from hippocampalcultured neurons, suggesting that PKC may contribute to spine loss during chronic stress exposure. The present study tested whether inhibition of PKC with chelerythrine before daily stress would protect prefrontal spines and working memory. We found that inhibition of PKC rescued working memory impairments and reversed distal apical dendritic spine loss in layer II/III pyramidal neurons of rat prelimbic cortex. Greater spine density predicted better cognitive performance, the first direct correlation between pyramidal cell structure and working memory abilities. These findings suggest that PKC inhibitors may be neuroprotective in disorders with dysregulated PKC signaling such as bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, post-traumatic stress disorder, and lead poisoning-conditions characterized by impoverished prefrontal structural and functional integrity. bipolar disorder ͉ post-traumatic stress disorder ͉ working memory ͉ chelerythrine ͉ lead poisoning

show abstract

“…17 Few studies have directly compared cortical volume in adults with schizophrenia to that in adults with other active psychosis. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] These studies have not yielded consistent results, although differences in the brain regions studied and in the specific diagnostic subtypes of the psychotic (nonschizophrenic) groups may have contributed to disparate findings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Brain volumes in psychotic youth with schizophrenia and mood disorders

Elsayed

Steen

Poe

et al. 2010

jpn

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

229Background: We sought to test the hypothesis that deficits in grey matter volume are characteristic of psychotic youth with early-onset schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (EOSS) but not of psychotic youth with early-onset mood disorders (EOMD). Methods: We used magnetic resonance imaging to examine brain volume in 24 psychotic youth (13 male, 11 female) with EOSS (n = 12) or EOMD (n = 12) and 17 healthy controls (10 male, 7 female). We measured the volume of grey and white matter using an automated segmentation program. Results: After adjustment for age and intracranial volume, whole brain volume was lower in the EOSS patients than in the healthy controls (p = 0.001) and EOMD patients (p = 0.002). The EOSS patients had a deficit in grey matter volume (p = 0.005), especially in the frontal (p = 0.003) and parietal (p = 0.006) lobes, with no significant differences in white matter volume. Limitations: The main limitations of our study were its small sample size and the inclusion of patients with depression and mania in the affective group. Conclusion: Adolescents with EOSS have grey matter deficits compared with healthy controls and psychotic adolescents with EOMD. Our results suggest that grey matter deficits are not generally associated with psychosis but may be specifically associated with schizophrenia. Larger studies with consistent methods are needed to reconcile the contradictory findings among imaging studies involving psychotic youth.

show abstract

Neocortical Gray Matter Volume in First-Episode Schizophrenia and First-Episode Affective Psychosis: A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal MRI Study

Abstract: Background-Overall neocortical gray matter (NCGM) volume has not been studied in firstepisode schizophrenia (FESZ) at first hospitalization or longitudinally to evaluate progression, nor has it been compared with first-episode affective psychosis (FEAFF).

Cited by 149 publications

References 71 publications

A large scale (N=400) investigation of gray matter differences in schizophrenia using optimized voxel-based morphometry

A large scale (N=400) investigation of gray matter differences in schizophrenia using optimized voxel-based morphometry

Inhibition of protein kinase C signaling protects prefrontal cortex dendritic spines and cognition from the effects of chronic stress

Brain volumes in psychotic youth with schizophrenia and mood disorders

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About