Neocortical Disconnectivity Disrupts Sensory Integration in Alzheimer's Disease.

Festa, Elena K.; Insler, Rachel Z.; Salmon, David P.; Paxton, Jessica; Hamilton, Joanne M.; Heindel, William C.

doi:10.1037/0894-4105.19.6.728

Cited by 53 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Tests of form and motion discrimination suggested that noise thresholds for these processes were not affected in the gene carriers, similar to findings by Festa et al (2005). However, in O'Donnell et al (2003) diagnosed HD patients did show impairments on a test of dot motion discrimination.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…In a pilot study using staircase procedures, O'Donnell and colleagues (2003) found that eight subjects with recently diagnosed HD demonstrated disturbances in motion perception, with intact contrast sensitivity for stationary stimuli. Festa et al (2005), on the other hand, did not detect a motion perception deficit in a small sample of six HD patients. A larger sample of HD patients would provide a more definitive answer to this question, and inclusion of prediagnostic gene carriers would clarify whether such disturbances predate diagnosis.…”

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

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Visual perception in prediagnostic and early stage Huntington's disease

O’Donnell

Blekher

Weaver

et al. 2008

J Inter Neuropsych Soc

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Disturbances of visual perception frequently accompany neurodegenerative disorders but have been little studied in Huntington's disease (HD) gene carriers. We used psychophysical tests to assess visual perception among individuals in the prediagnostic and early stages of HD. The sample comprised four groups, which included 201 nongene carriers (NG), 32 prediagnostic gene carriers with minimal neurological abnormalities (PD1); 20 prediagnostic gene carriers with moderate neurological abnormalities (PD2), and 36 gene carriers with diagnosed HD. Contrast sensitivity for stationary and moving sinusoidal gratings, and tests of form and motion discrimination, were used to probe different visual pathways. Patients with HD showed impaired contrast sensitivity for moving gratings. For one of the three contrast sensitivity tests, the prediagnostic gene carriers with greater neurological abnormality (PD2) also had impaired performance as compared with NG. These findings suggest that early stage HD disrupts visual functions associated with the magnocellular pathway. However, these changes are only observed in individuals diagnosed with HD or who are in the more symptomatic stages of prediagnostic HD. (JINS, 2008, 14, 446-453.)

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

Visual perception in prediagnostic and early stage Huntington's disease

O’Donnell

Blekher

Weaver

et al. 2008

J Inter Neuropsych Soc

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“…Indeed, there is mounting evidence that Alzheimer's disease represents a cortico-cortical disconnection syndrome. Anatomically, neurofibrillary tangle pathology has shown a strong predilection for cortical layers and cell types of the entorhinal cortex that disconnect the hippocampus from neocortex, affecting cortical connections within and between limbic and neocortical regions (Festa et al, 2005). Similarly, neurofibrillary tangles in pyramidal neurons in layers III and V selectively disrupt functionally related cortical association areas.…”

Section: Functional Mri Patterns Of Activity Associated With Alzheimementioning

confidence: 98%

Use of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Early Identification of Alzheimer's Disease

Wierenga

Bondi

2007

Neuropsychol Rev

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A growing body of evidence suggests that a preclinical phase of Alzheimer's disease (AD) exists several years or more prior to the overt manifestation of clinical symptoms and is characterized by subtle neuropsychological and brain changes. Identification of individuals prior to the development of significant clinical symptoms is imperative in order to have the greatest treatment impact by maintaining cognitive abilities and preserving quality of life. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) offers considerable promise as a non-invasive tool for detecting early functional brain changes in asymptomatic adults. In fact, evidence to date indicates that functional brain decline precedes structural decline in preclinical samples. Therefore, fMRI may offer the unique ability to capture the dynamic state of change in the degenerating brain. This review examines the clinical utility of blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) fMRI in those at risk for AD as well as in early AD. We provide an overview of fMRI findings in at-risk groups by virtue of genetic susceptibility or mild cognitive decline followed by an appraisal of the methodological issues concerning the diagnostic usefulness of fMRI in early AD. We conclude with a discussion of future directions and propose that BOLD-fMRI in combination with cerebral blood flow or diffusion techniques will provide a more complete accounting of the neurovascular changes that occur in preclinical AD and thus improve our ability to reliably detect early brain changes prior to disease onset.

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“…Taken together, these findings suggest that cognitive tasks critically dependent on effective corticocortical connectivity may be particularly sensitive to early AD pathology. In support of this notion, several studies have found AD patients to display specific deficits in integrating distinct features of stimuli into a coherent representation despite intact processing of the individual features [28][29][30][31][32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Dissociable Effects of Aging and Mild Cognitive Impairment on Bottom-Up Audiovisual Integration

Festa

Katz

Ott

et al. 2017

JAD

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Abstract. Effective audiovisual sensory integration involves dynamic changes in functional connectivity between superior temporal sulcus and primary sensory areas. This study examined whether disrupted connectivity in early Alzheimer's disease (AD) produces impaired audiovisual integration under conditions requiring greater corticocortical interactions. Audiovisual speech integration was examined in healthy young adult controls (YC), healthy elderly controls (EC), and patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using McGurk-type stimuli (providing either congruent or incongruent audiovisual speech information) under conditions differing in the strength of bottom-up support and the degree of top-down lexical asymmetry. All groups accurately identified auditory speech under congruent audiovisual conditions, and displayed high levels of visual bias under strong bottom-up incongruent conditions. Under weak bottom-up incongruent conditions, however, EC and amnestic MCI groups displayed opposite patterns of performance, with enhanced visual bias in the EC group and reduced visual bias in the MCI group relative to the YC group. Moreover, there was no overlap between the EC and MCI groups in individual visual bias scores reflecting the change in audiovisual integration from the strong to the weak stimulus conditions. Top-down lexicality influences on visual biasing were observed only in the MCI patients under weaker bottom-up conditions. Results support a deficit in bottom-up audiovisual integration in early AD attributable to disruptions in corticocortical connectivity. Given that this deficit is not simply an exacerbation of changes associated with healthy aging, tests of audiovisual speech integration may serve as sensitive and specific markers of the earliest cognitive change associated with AD.

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Neocortical Disconnectivity Disrupts Sensory Integration in Alzheimer's Disease.

Cited by 53 publications

References 89 publications

Visual perception in prediagnostic and early stage Huntington's disease

Visual perception in prediagnostic and early stage Huntington's disease

Use of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Early Identification of Alzheimer's Disease

Dissociable Effects of Aging and Mild Cognitive Impairment on Bottom-Up Audiovisual Integration

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