Neo-adjuvant and adjuvant hormone therapy for localised and locally advanced prostate cancer

Kumar, Satish; Shelley, Mike; Harrison, Craig; Coles, Bernadette; Wilt, Timothy J; Mason, Malcolm David

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd006019.pub2

Cited by 189 publications

(165 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…Furthermore, the mortality rate for prostate cancer has only shown a slight decline during this period (3). Despite recent advances with chemotherapy treatment, the main treatment option for men with metastatic prostate cancer remains androgen ablation therapy (4). Clinical outlook following androgen ablation therapy is poor, with reemergence of tumor after an initial stabilization of disease in a form that is no longer responsive to this treatment (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunohistochemical Level of Unsulfated Chondroitin Disaccharides in the Cancer Stroma Is an Independent Predictor of Prostate Cancer Relapse

Sakko

Butler

Byers

et al. 2008

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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The glycosaminoglycan chondroitin sulfate is significantly increased in the peritumoral stroma of prostate tumors compared with normal stroma and is an independent predictor of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) relapse following radical prostatectomy. In this study, we determined whether specific alterations in the sulfation pattern of glycosaminoglycan chains in clinically organ-confined prostate cancer are associated with PSA relapse. Immunoreactivity to distinct glycosaminoglycan disaccharide epitopes was assessed by manually scoring the staining intensity in prostate tissues from patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (n = 19), early-stage cancer (cohort 1, n = 55 and cohort 2, n = 275), and advanced-stage cancer (n = 20). Alterations to glycosaminoglycans in benign and malignant prostate tissues were determined by cellulose acetate chromatography and high-pressure liquid chromatography. Glycosaminoglycan disaccharide epitopes were localized to the peritumoral stroma of clinically localized prostate cancer. The level of immunostaining for unsulfated disaccharides (C0S) in the peritumoral stroma, but not for 4-sulfated (C4S) or 6-sulfated disaccharides (C6S), was significantly associated with the rate of PSA relapse following radical prostatectomy. High levels of C0S immunostaining were determined to be an independent predictor of PSA relapse (1.6-fold, P = 0.020). Advanced-stage prostate cancer tissues exhibited reduced electrophoretic mobility for chondroitin sulfate and increased unsulfated disaccharides when compared with benign prostatic hyperplasia tissues, whereas the sulfated disaccharide levels were unaffected. The level of C0S immunostaining in the peritumoral stroma is an independent determinant of PSA failure in clinically localized prostate cancer. Specific alterations to chondroitin sulfate side chains occurring during tumor development may be a crucial step for disease progression in prostate cancer. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(9):2488 -97)

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunohistochemical Level of Unsulfated Chondroitin Disaccharides in the Cancer Stroma Is an Independent Predictor of Prostate Cancer Relapse

Sakko

Butler

Byers

et al. 2008

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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“…In contrast, the use of neoadjuvant hormonal therapy alone before prostatectomy has shown reduction of positive surgical margins but results in anecdotal pCRs. Moreover, no benefit to patient outcome was observed in randomised trials of neoadjuvant hormonal therapy and no differences between short-and long-term treatments were reported (Kumar et al, 2006).…”

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confidence: 99%

Phase II trial of short-term neoadjuvant docetaxel and complete androgen blockade in high-risk prostate cancer

et al. 2009

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BACKGROUND: The low probability of curing high-risk prostate cancer (PC) with local therapy suggests the need to study modality of therapeutic approaches. To this end, a prospective phase II trial of neoadjuvant docetaxel (D) and complete androgen blockade (CAB) was carried out in high-risk PC patients. The primary end point was to detect at least 10% of pCRs after chemohormonal treatment. METHODS: Patients with T1c -T2 clinical stage with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) 420 ng ml À1 and/or Gleason score X7 (4 þ 3) and T3 were included. Treatment consisted of three cycles of D 36 mg m À2 on days 1, 8 and 15 every 28 days concomitant with CAB, followed by radical prostatectomy (RP). RESULTS: A total of 57 patients were included. Clinical stage was T1c, 11 patients (19.3%); T2, 30 (52.6%) and T3, 16 (28%) patients. Gleason score was X7 (4 þ 3) in 44 (77%) patients and PSA 420 ng ml À1 in 15 (26%) patients. Treatment was well tolerated with 51 (89.9%) patients completing neoadjuvant therapy together with RP. The rate of pCR was 6% (three patients). Three (6%) additional patients had microscopic residual tumour (near pCR) in prostate specimen. With a median follow-up of 35 months, 18 (31.6%) patients presented PSA relapse. CONCLUSION: Short-term neoadjuvant D and CAB induced a 6% pCR rate, which is close to what would be expected with ADT alone. The combination was generally well tolerated.

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“…Dramatic increases in survival of prostate cancer patients are very likely mostly due to the increased lead time resulting from rapidly increasing use of the prostate specific antigen (PSA) test in European populations (23)(24)(25) (26). Also advances in hormonal therapy could have contributed to real improvements in patients' five-year survival (27,28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prostate cancer patient’s survival in Lithuania

Smailytė¹,

Adomaitis²,

Ulinskas³

et al. 2013

AML

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Background. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the survival of prostate cancer patients during the 12-year period and to analyze differences in survival by period of diagnosis, stage of disease, age and place of residence.Materials and methods. All newly diagnosed cases of prostate cancer (ICD-10, C61) in men were identified in the Lithuanian Cancer Registry for the period 1994-2005. Five-year relative survival estimates were computed with the Hakulinen method using the STATA software. Five-year relative survival estimates were calculated for three different periods of time when prostate cancer was diagnosed (1994-1997, 1998-2001 and 2002-2005), by age (15-59, 60-74, and 75-99), stage at diagnosis (I, II, III, IV, unknown) and place of residence (cities and towns or rural areas).Results. The survival of prostate cancer patients in Lithuania has dramatically increased. Five-year relative survival in the period 1994-1997 was 46.92% and in the period 2002-2005 it reached 86.49%. Medium age prostate cancer patients (60-74 years) compared to younger and older patients had better survival rates. Increasing survival was observed for all stages of disease. Lower five-year relative survival rate of prostate cancer patients was reported for men from villages or other rural areas compared to patients from cities and towns in all periods under study.Conclusions. The five-year survival rate of patients with prostate cancer has increased from 46. 92% (95% CI 44.12-49.74) in 1994-1997 to 86.49% (95% CI 84.73-88.22) in 2002-2005 in Lithuania. The study identified survival differences by age and place of residence. Issues, such as access to care, quality of medical care, must be made equally available and accessible for the whole population with special attention to older men and men living in rural areas.

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Neo-adjuvant and adjuvant hormone therapy for localised and locally advanced prostate cancer

Cited by 189 publications

References 103 publications

Immunohistochemical Level of Unsulfated Chondroitin Disaccharides in the Cancer Stroma Is an Independent Predictor of Prostate Cancer Relapse

Immunohistochemical Level of Unsulfated Chondroitin Disaccharides in the Cancer Stroma Is an Independent Predictor of Prostate Cancer Relapse

Phase II trial of short-term neoadjuvant docetaxel and complete androgen blockade in high-risk prostate cancer

Prostate cancer patient’s survival in Lithuania

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