Nematodes as soil indicators: functional and biodiversity aspects

Yeates, G. W.

doi:10.1007/s00374-003-0586-5

Cited by 555 publications

(229 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Yet not all Cephalobidae behave in a uniform manner. Although most of these nematodes are known to be predominant under improved pasture/organic management (Yeates 2003), Fig. 4 shows a rather unexpected correlation of Chiloplacus with heavily grazed sites.…”

Section:   mentioning

confidence: 93%

Observational and simulated evidence of ecological shifts within the soil nematode community of agroecosystems under conventional and organic farming

et al. 2003

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Summary1. Soil sustainability implies a sufficient diversity and abundance of organisms to perform soil functions and to resist environmental stress. Previous studies have shown the importance of functional biodiversity for soil organisms. 2. Soil samples have been collected within the framework of a long-term monitoring programme in the Netherlands. Nematological and microbiological techniques were combined to facilitate a more comprehensive understanding of possible below-ground effects of land management. 3. A possible bias due to stochastic circumstances was investigated. The Mantel test showed that the diversity at species level is largely related to air temperature, but at genus level the effect of temperature disappears. No direct influence of rainfall on the soil biodiversity was found in our model. 4. To extrapolate our data to a national level, habitat-response relationships for soil organisms have been derived. Generalized linear models (GLMs) and Monte Carlo simulation allowed the estimation of the probability of occurrence at a given abundance for 95 nematode genera. 5. Our study describes the influence of abiotic conditions and land use intensity on the composition of nematode communities in grasslands on sand. The results obtained reveal a major influence of pH and livestock density on the diversity of the nematode community at both taxonomic levels as well as at different trophic levels (feeding habits). The presence and abundance of soil nematodes decrease with cattle pressure. 6. Functional diversity decreases with increasing management intensity. It is shown that the Shannon diversities of bacterial feeding nematodes and fungal feeding nematodes are strictly related to cattle pressure, whereas the bacterial biomass occurring under organic farming scores higher than in other farming systems.

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Section:   mentioning

confidence: 93%

Observational and simulated evidence of ecological shifts within the soil nematode community of agroecosystems under conventional and organic farming

et al. 2003

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“…Soil nematodes occupy multiple trophic levels in soils and serve as important and sensitive indicators of soil health (Yeates, 2003). Additionally, plant-parasitic nematodes often dominate soil communities in grasslands and may limit crop production (Yeates & Bongers, 1999).…”

Section: Do Belowground Nematode Abundance and Diversity Differ Betwementioning

confidence: 99%

Soil mycorrhizal and nematode diversity vary in response to bioenergy crop identity and fertilization

et al. 2017

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The mandate by the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 to increase renewable fuel production in the USA has resulted in extensive research into the sustainability of perennial bioenergy crops such as switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) and miscanthus (Miscanthus9 giganteus). Perennial grassland crops have been shown to support greater aboveground biodiversity and ecosystem function than annual crops. However, management considerations, such as what crop to plant or whether to use fertilizer, may alter belowground diversity and ecosystem functioning associated with these grasslands as well. In this study, we compared crop type (switchgrass or miscanthus) and nitrogen fertilization effects on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) and soil nematode abundance, activity, and diversity in a long-term experiment. We quantified AMF root colonization, AMF extra-radical hyphal length, soil glomalin concentrations, AMF richness and diversity, plant-parasitic nematode abundance, and nematode family richness and diversity in each treatment. Mycorrhizal activity and diversity were higher with switchgrass than with miscanthus, leading to higher potential soil carbon contributions via increased hyphal growth and glomalin production. Plant-parasitic nematode (PPN) abundance was 2.3 9 higher in miscanthus plots compared to switchgrass, mostly due to increases in dagger nematodes (Xiphinema). The higher PPN abundance in miscanthus may be a consequence of lower AMF in this species, as AMF can provide protection against PPN through a variety of mechanisms. Nitrogen fertilization had minor negative effects on AMF and nematode diversity associated with these crops. Overall, we found that crop type and fertilizer application associated with perennial bioenergy cropping systems can have detectable effects on the diversity and composition of soil communities, which may have important consequences for the ecosystem services provided by these systems.

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“…We calculated the total number of nematodes, the number of nematode taxa (mainly genera), and the abundances of each of the seven nematode feeding groups: obligate root feeders, root-hair feeders, fungal feeders, r-selected Rhabditida (bacterial feeders), Kselected Rhabditida (bacterial feeders), Adenophorea bacterial feeders, and Dorylaimida omnivores/predators. We also calculated the nematode channel ratio (Yeates 2003), which is an indication of the relative abundances of bacterivorous (B, sum of three bacterial feeders groups) and fungivorous (F ) nematodes.…”

Section: Data Treatment and Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐term effects of plant diversity and composition on soil nematode communities in model grasslands

Viketoft

Bengtsson

Sohlenius

et al. 2009

Ecology

146

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An important component of plant-soil feedbacks is how plant species identity anddiversity influence soil organism communities. We examine the effects of grassland plant species growing alone and together up to a richness of 12 species on nematode diversity and feeding group composition, eight years after the establishment of experimental grassland plots at the BIODEPTH site in northern Sweden. This is a substantially longer time than most other experimental studies of plant effects on soil fauna. We address the hypotheses that (la) higher species or functional diversity of plants increases nematode diversity, as well as influences nematode community composition. Alternatively, (1b) individual plant species traits are most important for nematode diversity and community composition. (2) Plant effects on soil organisms will decrease with increasing number of trophic links between plants and soil fauna. Plant species identity was often more important than plant diversity for nematode community composition, supporting hypothesis 1b. There was a weak positive relation between plant and nematode richness;which could be attributed to the presence of the legume Trifolium pratense, but also to some other plant species, suggesting a selection or sampling effect. Several plant species in different functional groups affected nematode community composition. For example, we found that legumes increased bacterial-feeding nematodes, most notably r-selected Rhabditida, while fungal-feeding nematodes were enhanced by forbs. Other bacterial feeders and obligate root feeders were positively related to grasses. Plant effects were usually stronger on plant-, bacterial- and fungal-feeding nematodes than on omnivores/predators, which supports hypothesis 2. Our study suggests that plant identity has stronger effects than plant diversity on nematode community composition, but when comparing our results with similar previous studies the effects of particular plant species appear to vary. We also found that more productive plant species affected bacterial-feeding nematodes more than fungal feeders. Moreover, we observed stronger effects the fewer the number of trophic links there were between a nematode feeding group and plants. Although we found clear effects of plants on soil nematodes, these were probably not large enough to result in strong and persistent plant-soil-organism-plant feedback loops.

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Nematodes as soil indicators: functional and biodiversity aspects

Cited by 555 publications

References 60 publications

Observational and simulated evidence of ecological shifts within the soil nematode community of agroecosystems under conventional and organic farming

Observational and simulated evidence of ecological shifts within the soil nematode community of agroecosystems under conventional and organic farming

Soil mycorrhizal and nematode diversity vary in response to bioenergy crop identity and fertilization

Long‐term effects of plant diversity and composition on soil nematode communities in model grasslands

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