Nematodes and the spleen: An immunological relationship

John, Jeremy Leighton

doi:10.1007/bf01992043

Cited by 27 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Having found that the female spleen is associated with nematodes as well as haemoprotozoa (John, 1993), it was necessaiy to see whether these correlations are independent. In the event, relative nematode presence is significantly associated with relative female spleen weight when also accounting for the numbers of birds infected with, and examined for, haematozoa (slope 0.38, F,,,,, = 8.68, lip = 25, P < 0.01); furthermore, significance is also retained when additionally partialling out the numbers of trematode-infected and cestodeinfected birds (slope 0.38, F,,,, = 8.64, np = 25, P < 0.01).…”

Section: Resuli'smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acanthocephalans were not analysed because of infrequency of infection. Haematozoa prevalence data were obtained from Peirce (1981), primarily, andGreiner et al (1975) (see John, 1993).…”

Section: Data Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A companion study revealing significant comparative associations between relative haematozoa presence and female spleen weight relative to body weight (John, 1993) will be reported elsewhere.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Nonetheless, the spleen is a major lymphoid organ, and there is evidence that it is important in resisting macroparasites, not only microparasites (e.g. see John, 1994a). One manifestation of this is that it is feasible, with mammals, to transfer immunity to helminths from one individual to another using splenic cells (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

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Parasites and the avian spleen: helminths

John¹

1995

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society

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A comparative analysis of the relationship between the spleen–a major organ of immunity and helminths was undertaken with bird species, using the phylogenetic regression technique. Species in which many individuals are infected with nematodes relative to the number of individuals examined for the presence of helminths (termed ‘relative nematode presence’) have significantly larger spleens, for a given body weight, in females (though not in males). There was little indication that this relationship depends on incidental ecological indices, the weights of other organs, or the ‘relative presences' of trematodes, cestodes or haematozoa. Combined with previous, experimental, work it suggests that the avian spleen is important in resisting nematodes. Body weight is correlated with the relative presence of helminths; but even after removing body size effects, bird species which tend to be infected with trematodes are also more likely to be infected with cestodes. This paper indicates that the spleens of wild bird species are associated with macroparasites in the natural environment.

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Section: Resuli'smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acanthocephalans were not analysed because of infrequency of infection. Haematozoa prevalence data were obtained from Peirce (1981), primarily, andGreiner et al (1975) (see John, 1993).…”

Section: Data Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 96%

mentioning

confidence: 97%

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Parasites and the avian spleen: helminths

John¹

1995

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society

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“…This organ is a major site for lymphocyte recirculation, presentation of antigens to T cells and activation of immune response (lymphocyte differentiation, antibody synthesis) (John 1994a). Moreover, this organ seems to be important in acting against nematode parasites in mammals and birds (John 1994b;Shutler et al 1999;Morand and Poulin 2000). We postulated that an individual host with a relatively larger spleen mounts a Fig.…”

Section: Immunocompetence Assessed By Spleen Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Immunocompetence does not correlate with resistance to helminth parasites in house mouse subspecies and their hybrids

et al. 2006

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A central point not yet elucidated in immuno-ecological studies is whether the different ways to assess the immune status of individuals are good indicators of parasite resistance of the host. We investigate the relationship between immunocompetence and the resistance/susceptibility phenotype of five strains of two European subspecies of the house mouse and their hybrids derived from natural populations. The assessment of immunocompetence was measured indirectly by the mass of the spleen and directly by the phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) test. The resistance of each mouse strain to common helminths was previously determined by the distribution of parasite burdens obtained after experimental infection. We found no relationship between the resistance/susceptibility phenotype of strains and the level of PHA response or the size of the spleen. A significant negative correlation was found between residuals of log spleen mass (controlled for body mass) and PHA response, suggesting that these two components of immune function are not independent measures of defence against parasitism. We discuss the validity of these two techniques of measuring immunocompetence and emphasize the importance of taking into account the complexity of the immune system at structural and functional levels in understanding the component of selection attributable to parasitism in the evolution of immunocompetence.

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Zebrafish neurons express two L1‐related molecules during early axonogenesis

Tongiorgi

Bernhardt

Schachner

1995

J of Neuroscience Research

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Partial clones coding for two L1-related genes, zebrafish L1.1 and L1.2, were isolated from a zebrafish embryonic cDNA library. The homology analysis, based on the deduced amino acid sequences of L1.1 and L1.2, revealed that the two molecules are most closely related to each other and to mouse L1. Analysis by in situ hybridization revealed that during embryonic development of the nervous system the L1.1 and L1.2 messages are restricted to postmitotic neurons and that the onset of expression correlates with the initiation of axonogenesis. L1.1 is expressed by all known classes of neurons, consistent with an important general function during axonal outgrowth. Most of the neurons also express L1.2. However, L1.2 either is undetectable or is expressed at very low levels in the neurons of the olfactory placodes, anterior lateral line/acoustic ganglia complex, posterior lateral line ganglion, and in late developing hindbrain neurons. In the spinal cord, L1.2 message is detected only in a subpopulation of Rohon-Beard cells. This suggests the possibility that different levels of L1.2 expression may serve to distinguish different populations of neurons and their axons.

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Nematodes and the spleen: An immunological relationship

Cited by 27 publications

References 53 publications

Parasites and the avian spleen: helminths

Parasites and the avian spleen: helminths

Immunocompetence does not correlate with resistance to helminth parasites in house mouse subspecies and their hybrids

Zebrafish neurons express two L1‐related molecules during early axonogenesis

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