Nematode Pathogenesis of Insects and Other Pests

Campos‐Herrera, Raquel

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-18266-7

Cited by 58 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 505 publications

(760 reference statements)

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“…EPNs are among the best BCAs for numerous insect agricultural pests ( Campos-Herrera, 2015 ). The infective juveniles (IJ) of genera Steinernema and Heterorhabditis are associated with the intestinal symbiotic bacteria Xenorhabdus spp.…”

Section: Sustainable Strategies For Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable strategies for management of the “false root-knot nematode” Nacobbus spp.

et al. 2022

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The genus Nacobbus, known as the false root-knot nematode, is native to the American continent and comprises polyphagous species adapted to a wide range of climatic conditions. Alone or in combination with other biotic and abiotic factors, Nacobbus spp. can cause significant economic yield losses on main food crops such as potato, sugar beet, tomato, pepper and bean, in South and North America. Although the genus distribution is restricted to the American continent, it has quarantine importance and is subject to international legislation to prevent its spread to other regions, such as the European Union. The management of Nacobbus spp. remains unsatisfactory due to the lack of information related to different aspects of its life cycle, survival stages in the soil and in plant material, a rapid and reliable diagnostic method for its detection and the insufficient source of resistant plant genotypes. Due to the high toxicity of chemical nematicides, the search for alternatives has been intensified. Therefore, this review reports findings on the application of environmentally benign treatments to manage Nacobbus spp. Biological control strategies, such as the use of different organisms (mainly bacteria, fungi and entomopathogenic nematodes) and other eco-compatible approaches (such as metabolites, essential oils, plant extracts, phytohormones and amendments), either alone or as part of a combined control strategy, are discussed. Knowledge of potential sources of resistance for genetic improvement for crops susceptible to Nacobbus spp. are also reported. The sustainable strategies outlined here offer immediate benefits, not only to counter the pathogen, but also as good alternatives to improve crop health and growth.

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Section: Sustainable Strategies For Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable strategies for management of the “false root-knot nematode” Nacobbus spp.

et al. 2022

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“…Previous studies of EPNs under heat and desiccation stress have revealed that IJs use a conserved stress-tolerance response that may be triggered by changes in temperature or desiccation regime. Once this stress response is induced, the nematodes acquire resistance to multiple factors, including heat, desiccation and ultraviolet radiation 51 . Therefore, further study of the transcriptome of H. bacteriophora isolates under desiccation stress and H. indica isolates under heat and desiccation stress will provide additional important information regarding the expression patterns of stress-related genes under stress conditions and their suitability for use as expression markers for beneficial traits of multiple-stress resistance in EPNs.…”

Section: Genomic Variation Identification Of Genomic Variation Betwementioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the phenotypic and genotypic tolerance to abiotic stresses of natural populations of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora

Levy

Faigenboim

Salame

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Entomopathogenic nematodes are effective biocontrol agents against arthropod pests. However, their efficacy is limited due to sensitivity to environmental extremes. The objective of the present study was to establish a foundation of genetic-based selection tools for beneficial traits of heat and desiccation tolerance in entomopathogenic nematodes. Screening of natural populations enabled us to create a diverse genetic and phenotypic pool. Gene expression patterns and genomic variation were studied in natural isolates. Heterorhabditis isolates were phenotyped by heat-and desiccation-stress bioassays to determine their survival rates compared to a commercial line. Transcriptomic study was carried out for the commercial line, a high heat-tolerant strain, and for the natural, low heat-tolerant isolate. The results revealed a higher number of upregulated vs. downregulated transcripts in both isolates vs. their respective controls. Functional annotation of the differentially expressed transcripts revealed several known stress-related genes and pathways uniquely expressed. Genome sequencing of isolates with varied degrees of stress tolerance indicated variation among the isolates regardless of their phenotypic characterization. The obtained data lays the groundwork for future studies aimed at identifying genes and molecular markers as genetic selection tools for enhancement of entomopathogenic nematodes ability to withstand environmental stress conditions. Domestication and improvement of crop plants and animals have been part of agriculture for thousands of years. Genetic manipulation of beneficial arthropods, such as silkworms and honeybees, has been conducted for hundreds of years 1,2 and genetic improvement programs have also provided innovative methods for controlling insect pests 3,4. Beneficial arthropods have been selected for climate tolerance 5,6 host-finding ability, host preference 7,8 , improved sex ratio 9,10 , increased fecundity 10,11 , and resistance to insecticides 12,13. Unlike the long history and vast research on the use of beneficial insects for biological control, the use of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) and the genetic improvement of EPNs is in its infancy. As the use of EPNs for biological control of insect pests becomes practical and commercial due to improvements in production methods 14,15 , the use of powerful genetic tools to improve their performance has been strongly advocated (see reviews 16,17). The only free-living stage of the nematode is the third stage infective juvenile (IJ), a non-feeding larva that lives in the soil, and seeks out and penetrates its host through natural openings 18,19. The IJ is exposed to changing environmental conditions and its lack of tolerance to extreme environmental conditions directly influences the shelf life, quality and field performance. Survival, persistence and shelf-life are critical limiting factors for the commercial use of nematodes as biological control agents 20. These difficulties stem mainly from EPNs' sensitivity to heat and desiccation...

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“…Koppenhöfer et al (2020) have recently recorded the commercial development of at least eight Steinernema species and five Heterorhabditis species, but cottage industry entities can also produce any additional species on demand. The inclusive body of EPN research has been presented and reviewed comprehensively from time to time in published books and articles (Gaugler and Kaya, 1990;Bedding et al, 1993;Gaugler, 2002;Grewal et al, 2005;Campos-Herrera, 2015;Abd-Elgawad et al, 2017;Shapiro-Ilan et al, 2020). Yet, this review will focus especially on additional topics that represent new horizons for expanding EPN utility to emerging pests of economic significance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entomopathogenic Nematodes: Integrated Pest Management and New Vistas

Gawad

Ruan

Hammam

2023

Egyptian Journal of Agronematology

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Despite the current use of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) commercially, there are still new prospects for expanding their applications to occupy a prominent market position. Scientists, extension specialists and stakeholders need to identify and widely disseminate conditions under which EPN application can offer a cost-effective, value-added approach to integrated pest management. Moreover, EPN use should not be limited to plant pests. There are other pests that EPNs can effectively and safely control such as those that significantly affect health and production of farm animals and honey bees. Examples of such pests against which nematodes can be reliably applied and general precautions to be taken to optimize EPN operation are given. The wide host range of EPN and their mutualistic bacteria against arthropods and pathogens are promising for advantageous industrial products for boosting pest/disease management. Therefore, a full useful spectrum of the EPN-bacterium complex or the symbiotic bacterium individually should be harnessed for useful usage in current and emerging agricultural systems. Fitting symbiont-obtained insecticidal, acaricidal, nematicidal, pharmaceutical, fungicidal, antimicrobial, and toxic compounds into current or emerging strategies, for controlling many pests/pathogens should be earnestly sought.

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Nematode Pathogenesis of Insects and Other Pests

Cited by 58 publications

References 505 publications

Sustainable strategies for management of the “false root-knot nematode” Nacobbus spp.

Sustainable strategies for management of the “false root-knot nematode” Nacobbus spp.

Characterization of the phenotypic and genotypic tolerance to abiotic stresses of natural populations of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora

Entomopathogenic Nematodes: Integrated Pest Management and New Vistas

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