Nematicide influence on cotton yield and plant-parasitic nematodes in conventional and sod-based crop rotation

Abstract

Plant-parasitic nematodes (Rotylenchulus reniformis (reniform, RN), Helicotylenchus dihystera (spiral), and Mesocriconema ornatum (ring)) and yield were investigated in cotton phases of conventional (peanut-cotton-cotton) and sod-based (bahiagrass-bahiagrasspeanut-cotton) rotations with or without irrigation and fluopyram nematicide at a long-term research site, established in 2000, in Quincy, Florida, USA. Objectives were to determine impacts of nematicide application on cotton yield and evaluate effects of nematicide on plant-parasitic nematodes in these rotations in 2017 and 2018. Reniform nematode population densities were greater in conventional cotton than sod-based cotton. Ring and spiral nematode population densities were greater in sod-based cotton than conventional cotton. Plots receiving nematicide had increased RN population densities in preplant 2018 soil samples and spiral nematode population densities in preplant 2017, harvest 2017, preplant 2018, and harvest 2018 soil samples compared to untreated plots. Cotton seed yield in conventional rotation was increased by 18% following nematicide application in 2017 but decreased by 10% in sod-based rotation in 2018, relative to the untreated control. Sodbased rotation had greater cotton yield than conventional rotation in 2017 and 2018. Nematicide application did not improve cotton yield in sod-based rotation and was inconsistent in conventional rotation.

Effects of Grass-Based Crop Rotation, Nematicide, and Irrigation on the Nematode Community in Cotton

“…Detailed experimental design was described by Schumacher et al (2020) and is briefly summarized here. The experiment was a split-split plot arrangement with three replicates.…”

“…Afterwards, the entire nematode community (plant-parasitic, fungivores, bacterivores, omnivores, and predators) was enumerated. Results from individual plant-parasitic nematode genera were reported in Schumacher et al (2020). Nematodes were counted from soil samples using an inverted microscope (Carl Zeiss Inc., Thornwood, NY) and identified morphologically.…”

“…Sod-based rotation has been shown to reduce pathogens while building organic matter, improving water infiltration, and increasing water holding capacity (Katsvairo et al, 2006(Katsvairo et al, , 2007. Crop rotation was successful in managing reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis Linford and Oliveira, RN), a significant pathogen of cotton (Moore and Lawrence, 2012;Khanal et al, 2018;Schumacher et al, 2020). Reducing plant-parasitic nematode population densities while maintaining population densities of free-living nematodes would be ideal so as not to disrupt important soil nutrient cycling (Griffiths and Caul, 1993;Hodson, et al, 2019).…”

Meloidogyne incognita management by nematicides in tomato production

“…hapla, and B. longicaudatus in various vegetables (Khanal and Desaeger, 2020). Likewise in peanut (Arachis hypogea) or cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) as an in-furrow application, fluopyram was inconsistent against Meloidogyne arenaria (Grabau et al, 2020), and either inconsistent (Grabau et al, 2021) or ineffective against Rotylenchulus reniformis (Schumacher et al, 2020). Nematicides are often less effective in field than lab or greenhouse settings, and field testing is particularly important for fluopyram because it is poorly mobile (Faske and Brown, 2019).…”

“…Fluopyram efficacy against other nematodes in field vegetable research has also varied, as fluopyram suppressed Belonolaimus longicaudatus but not Meloidogyne hapla in strawberry ( Fragaria x ananassa ) ( Watson and Desaeger, 2019 ), was inconsistent against Meloidogyne javanica in tomato ( Desaeger and Watson, 2019 ), and was inconsistent against M. javanica , M. hapla , and B. longicaudatus in various vegetables ( Khanal and Desaeger, 2020 ). Likewise in peanut ( Arachis hypogea ) or cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum ) as an in-furrow application, fluopyram was inconsistent against Meloidogyne arenaria ( Grabau et al, 2020 ), and either inconsistent ( Grabau et al, 2021 ) or ineffective against Rotylenchulus reniformis ( Schumacher et al, 2020 ). Nematicides are often less effective in field than lab or greenhouse settings, and field testing is particularly important for fluopyram because it is poorly mobile ( Faske and Brown, 2019 ).…”