Nematicidal Weeds, Solanum nigrum and Datura stramonium

Abstract

We investigated Solanum nigrum (seeds) and Datura stramonium (shoots) against root-knot nematodes in terms of J2 paralysis and egg hatch inhibition (methanol extract), as well as inhibition of nematode development in host roots (soil amending with either S. nigrum seeds' or D. stramonium shoots' meal). Datura stramonium was found equally effective at inhibiting motility of Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne javanica (both EC 50 = 427 μ g mL-1 at 3 day), but inhibition occurred more quickly for M. incognita (1 day). Solanum nigrum was faster and more effective at inhibiting motility of M. incognita than M. javanica (EC 50 = 481 and 954 μ g mL-1 at 3 day, respectively). Datura stramonium was slower, but eventually more potent in decreasing egg hatch and cell division in M. incognita eggs, than S. nigrum. Specifically, D. stramonium significantly inhibited cell division in eggs immersed in at least 100 and 1 μ g mL-1 at Day 6 and 10, respectively. Solanum nigrum impeded cell division in un-differentiated eggs immersed in not less than 10 and 100 μ g mL-1 after days 2 and 6, respectively. Both extracts were similar in suppressing J2 exclosure but D. stramonium was effective in smaller test concentrations. Specifically, D. stramonium suppressed J2 emerging from eggs immersed in 10 μ g mL-1 at day2, and in at least 1 μ g mL-1 at day 6. Solanum nigrum significantly reduced J2 hatch from eggs immersed in a minimum of 100 μ g mL-1 at day 2 and not less than 1,000 μ g mL-1 at day 6. In pots, powdered S. nigrum seeds meal was more active than D. stramonium and the respective EC 50 females/g values for M. incognita were 1.13 and 11.4 mg g-1 of soil, respectively. The chemical composition of active extracts was determined after derivatization by GC-MS. Chemical analysis of active extracts showed the presence of fatty acids with known nematicidal activity.

Τhe Nematicidal Potential of Bioactive Streptomyces Strains Isolated from Greek Rhizosphere Soils Tested on Arabidopsis Plants of Varying Susceptibility to Meloidogyne spp.

“…While spore suspensions of S. monomycini ATHUBA 220 and S. colombiensis ATHUBA 438 could alleviate the nematode burden of M. incognita in Col-0 and fra2 ( Figure 3 A) respectively, to our surprise, this was not the case for M. javanica , where S. colombiensis ATHUBA 438 and S. monomycini ATHUBA 220 were ineffective ( Figure 3 B). Additionally, it has previously been demonstrated that M. javanica is more difficult to control than M. incognita [ 34 , 35 ].…”

Essential Metal-Based Nanoparticles (Copper/Iron NPs) as Potent Nematicidal Agents against Meloidogyne spp.

“…in control]} × 100 [32]. Data was subjected to probit linear regression analysis and the concentration of nanoparticles (EC 50 values) required for 50% death/paralysis of nematodes was calculated.…”

Nematicidal Activity of Jimson Weed (Datura Spp.) for Management of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes With Emphasis on Root Knot Nematode: A Review

“…However, ethanol extract was more effective than aqueous extract. Oplos et al, (2018), reported that methanol extract of D. stramonium was effective in decreasing the egg hatching and cell division in M. incognita eggs. In a recent study by Moazezikho et al, (2020), mentioned that D. stramonium presents a good inhibitory effect in M. javanica egg hatching.…”

“…In, India, Shah et al, (2018), illustrated that application with 10 and 20 ml water leaf extracts of D. metel (50 gm fresh leaves/ 500ml distilled water) was effective in controlling the root knot in Brinjal (Solanum melongena) and reduced the number of M. incognita juveniles in pot soil, number of females and root galling index. On the other hand, Oplos et al, (2018), in Greece evaluated the nematicidal effect of incorporating D. stramonium shoots in infested soil on inhibition of root-knot nematodes in tomato plants. Results cleared those treatments with D. stramonium powder reduced the nematodes densities in tomato roots as well as gall formation was significantly suppressed.…”