Nematicidal Potential of some Natural Botanical Extracts in Biocontrolling Meloidogyne javanica on Soybean under Laboratory and Greenhouse Conditions

Abstract

The nematicidal potential of certain plant part extracts against Meloidogyne javanica was determined under in vitro and in vivo experiments. Three different solvents were used in the preparation of the tested extracts including water, ethyl alcohol and acetone. The extracted plants included Eugenia jambolana (leaves), Punica granatum (Peels) and Camellia sinensis (Leaves). Results showed that ethyl alcohol peel extract of E. jambolana, and P. granatum completely inhibited the egg hatching of M. javanica while, ethyl alcohol leaf extract of C. sinensis inhibited the egg hatching by 60%. Nematode juveniles j 2 mortality gradually increased as the exposure time increased from 24 to 48 hours. Under greenhouse conditions, organic solvent extracts of all the tested plants were more effective in suppressing the nematode reproduction compared to the aqueous extracts. The ethyl alcohol leaf extract of E. jambolana completely suppressed the gall formation by M. javanica on soybean roots as well as number of egg-masses/plant, and the number of J 2 s in soil. Ethyl alcohol peel extract of P. granatum showed the greatest nematicidal effects against M. javanica, while its aqueous extract was the least effective. The plants treated with the ethyl alcohol leaf extract of E. jambolana, showed the highest increase in the plant growth parameters viz., shoot weight, and length as well as root weight and length compared to the control treatment. Chemical analysis of leaf extract of E. jambolana by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) showed that it contained thirty-three bioactive compounds, including, flavonoids, antioxidant, oxygenated hydrocarbons, unsaturated fatty acids, sterile, fatty acid ester, triterpene, and others. All plant extracts increased the activities of defense-related enzymes, including peroxidase, catalase, chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase enzymes as well as, the total phenol contents in soybean plants infected with M. javanica under greenhouse conditions.

Nematicidal activity of sweet annie and garden cress nano-formulations and their impact on the vegetative growth and fruit quality of tomato plants

“…Since the released chemical compounds during decomposition have lethal effects on M. incognita J 2 and nematodes multiplication. These explanations are consistent with those previously reported by Lee et al 59 and Abdel-Baset and Abdel-Monaim 22 .…”

“…Induced resistance and reducing diseases infection in plants have been related to a large number of enzymes such as polyphenol oxidase, β-1.3-glucanase and chitinase 19 . These enzymes play an important role in the degradation of pathogen cell walls, releasing chemicals that act as elicitors in the early stages of phytoalexin and formation of phenolic compounds and other pathogenesis proteins or metabolites related plant defense mechanisms 20 – 22 .…”