Nematicidal Coumarins from Cnidium monnieri Fruits and Angelica dahurica Roots and Their Physiological Effect on Pine Wood Nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)

Abstract

Pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is a major pathogen of pine wilt disease (PWD), which is a devastating disease affecting pine trees. Eco-friendly plant-derived nematicides against PWN have been considered as promising alternatives to control PWD. In this study, the ethyl acetate extracts of Cnidium monnieri fruits and Angelica dahurica roots were confirmed to have significant nematicidal activity against PWN. Through bioassay-guided fractionations, eight nematicidal coumarins against PWN were separately isolated from the ethyl acetate extracts of C. monnieri fruits and A. dahurica roots, and they were identified to be osthol (Compound 1), xanthotoxin (Compound 2), cindimine (Compound 3), isopimpinellin (Compound 4), marmesin (Compound 5), isoimperatorin (Compound 6), imperatorin (Compound 7), and bergapten (Compound 8) by mass and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral data analysis. Coumarins 1–8 were all determined to have inhibitory effects on the egg hatching, feeding ability, and reproduction of PWN. Moreover, all eight nematicidal coumarins could inhibit the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Ca2+ ATPase of PWN. Cindimine 3 from C. monnieri fruits showed the strongest nematicidal activity against PWN, with an LC50 value of 64 μM at 72 h, and the highest inhibitory effect on PWN vitality. In addition, bioassays on PWN pathogenicity demonstrated that the eight nematicidal coumarins could effectively relieve the wilt symptoms of black pine seedlings infected by PWN. The research identified several potent botanical nematicidal coumarins for use against PWN, which could contribute to the development of greener nematicides for PWD control.

Assessing the In Vitro Individual and Combined Effect of Arthrobotrys oligospora and A. musiformis (Orbiliales) Liquid Culture Filtrates against Infective Larvae of the Sheep Blood-Feeding Nematode Haemonchus contortus (Trichostrongylidae)

“…Some groups of compounds identified in the present study in both species of Arthrobotrys have been found in other isolates of this genus and are associated with several biological activities. On the one hand, coumarins obtained from other sources i.e., plants and marine plants have been reported to possess important therapeutic activities, i.e., antifungal, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial [ 38 ] and nematocidal activity [ 39 , 40 ]. On the other hand, some compounds belonging to the group of Alkaloids are also demonstrated to possess potent nematocidal activity against gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes [ 41 ] and against phytoparasitic nematodes [ 42 ].…”

Methoxyfuranocoumarins of Natural Origin–Updating Biological Activity Research and Searching for New Directions—A Review

“…Pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is the main pathogen of pine wilt disease (PWD), which destroys the population of these trees. MFCs (isopimpinellin, bergapten, and xanthotoxin) isolated from the roots of C. monnieri and A. dahurica, considered to be environmentally friendly plant-derived nematicides, were investigated by Feng et al [54]. A strong nematicidal effect on B. xylophilus was found, affecting reproduction, egg hatching and feeding ability.…”

Biomass-Based, Dual Enzyme-Responsive Nanopesticides: Eco-friendly and Efficient Control of Pine Wood Nematode Disease

“…Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner et Buhrer) is the causal agent of PWN disease 8 and is mainly transmitted through the vector Japanese pine sawyer (JPS), Monochamus alternatus. 9 The vicious infection cycle of the disease comprises PWNs, vector insects, and pine trees (Figure 1a).…”

“…Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner et Buhrer) is the causal agent of PWN disease and is mainly transmitted through the vector Japanese pine sawyer (JPS), Monochamus alternatus . The vicious infection cycle of the disease comprises PWNs, vector insects, and pine trees (Figure a). , Therefore, the integrated control of PWNs and vector insects must be considered to cut off the infestation cycle and achieve superior control.…”