Neither silverfish nor fowl: the enigmatic <scp>C</scp>arboniferous <i>Carbotriplura kukalovae</i><scp>K</scp>luge, 1996 (<scp>I</scp>nsecta: <scp>C</scp>arbotriplurida) is the putative fossil sister group of winged insects (<scp>I</scp>nsecta: <scp>P</scp>terygota)

Staniczek, Arnold H.; Sroka, Pavel; Bechly, Günter

doi:10.1111/syen.12076

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Strong, large mandibles bore sharp teeth, suggesting a predatory mode of life (perhaps preying on amphibian tadpoles). Since this contribution, the exact nature of the fossil juvenile described by Kukalová‐Peck () has been widely debated ‐ Staniczek, Sroka & Bechly () provide an overview. These authors choose to consider the fossil an adult, transitional in form between Zygentoma and Pterygota.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of insect wings and development – new details from Palaeozoic nymphs

Haug¹,

Haug²,

Garwood

2014

Biological Reviews

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The nymphal stages of Palaeozoic insects differ significantly in morphology from those of their modern counterparts. Morphological details for some previously reported species have recently been called into question. Palaeozoic insect nymphs are important, however - their study could provide key insights into the evolution of wings, and complete metamorphosis. Here we review past work on these topics and juvenile insects in the fossil record, and then present both novel and previously described nymphs, documented using new imaging methods. Our results demonstrate that some Carboniferous nymphs - those of Palaeodictyopteroidea - possessed movable wing pads and appear to have been able to perform simple flapping flight. It remains unclear whether this feature is ancestral for Pterygota or an autapomorphy of Palaeodictyopteroidea. Further characters of nymphal development which were probably in the ground pattern of Pterygota can be reconstructed. Wing development was very gradual (archimetaboly). Wing pads did not protrude from the tergum postero-laterally as in most modern nymphs, but laterally, and had well-developed venation. The modern orientation of wing pads and the delay of wing development into later developmental stages (condensation) appears to have evolved several times independently within Pterygota: in Ephemeroptera, Odonatoptera, Eumetabola, and probably several times within Polyneoptera. Selective pressure appears to have favoured a more pronounced metamorphosis between the last nymphal and adult stage, ultimately reducing exploitation competition between the two. We caution, however, that the results presented herein remain preliminary, and the reconstructed evolutionary scenario contains gaps and uncertainties. Additional comparative data need to be collected. The present study is thus seen as a starting point for this enterprise.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of insect wings and development – new details from Palaeozoic nymphs

Haug¹,

Haug²,

Garwood

2014

Biological Reviews

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“…In contrast to Staniczek et al . (), we do not believe there is a similarity of the thoracic extensions between B. obscura and C. kukalovae . In fact, they are quite different, especially concerning the venation and progressive tracheation, as well as in the form of articulation that permits movement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Our observations confirm the presence of movable thoracic winglets with tracheation, as was assumed by Staniczek et al . () from the photograph, but the abdominal laterotergites are in fact rigid paraterga lacking any traces of venation (Fig. C).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Staniczek et al . (: 629–630) provided a photograph of the type specimen of B. obscura and briefly noted its similarity to C. kukalovae Kluge, particularly in the presence of marked, lateral abdominal extensions. Our observations confirm the presence of movable thoracic winglets with tracheation, as was assumed by Staniczek et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, Staniczek et al . () provided a revision of the controversial hexapod fossil Carbotriplura kukalovae Kluge, originally considered as the nymph of a giant palaeopteran pterygote insect, and suggested it as sister to Pterygota, contrary to Kukalová‐Peck () and Kluge (). Engel et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New Carboniferous fossils of Spilapteridae enlighten postembryonic wing development in Palaeodictyoptera

Prokop

Nel

Engel

et al. 2015

Systematic Entomology

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A new palaeodictyopterid nymph Bizarrea obscura gen.n. et sp.n. (Spilapteridae) and a new adult specimen of Homaloneura cf. dabasinskasi Carpenter are described from the Pennsylvanian (Moscovian) ironstone nodules of Mazon Creek (IL, U.S.A.). Both taxa share enlarged prothoracic lobes (interpreted by some as winglets), heteronomous meso-and metathoracic wing pads or wings, a slender abdomen with pointed laterotergites, and a unique division of the abdominal segments by two transverse sulci. An alternative hypothesis for the placement of Bizarrea within Homoiopteridae is considered on the basis of its large body size and relatively short wing pads. Based on the morphology of the new material, postembryonic development of wing pads in Palaeodictyoptera (Palaeodictyopterida) is reconsidered. Detailed investigation of the abdominal segments, including examination by scanning electron microscopy, reveals the presence of subcircular, sclerotized structures partially covered at the bases of the nymphal laterotergites I-VII, ?VIII. Based on their position and shape, these structures are interpreted as abdominal spiracles, and thus a terrestrial or semiaquatic habitat for these immatures is hypothesized. Moreover, our discovery of the same, supposedly homologous structures in the enigmatic Vogesonymphidae (Permoplectoptera), from the Middle Triassic of Grès à Voltzia in France, is evidence for the parallel coexistence of ancestrally terrestrial and derived aquatic lineages of Ephemerida (Ephemeropterida) in early Mesozoic ecosystems.This published work has been registered in ZooBank, http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid: zoobank.org:pub

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Evolution of filter‐feeding in aquatic insects dates back to the Middle Triassic: new evidence from stem‐group mayflies (Insecta, Ephemerida) from Grès à Voltzia, Vosges, France

Sroka

Staniczek

2022

Papers in Palaeontology

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In the aquatic insects, mayfly nymphs have developed a remarkable diversity of life strategies and feeding habits. However, the early evolution of these strategies and the role of mayfly nymphs in freshwater palaeoecosystems remain largely unknown. We investigated fossil mayfly nymphs from the Gr es a Voltzia Formation from the Middle Triassic, France, which represents the oldest known outcrop yielding a diverse mayfly fauna. We focused on three species, namely Mesoplectopteron longipes, Vogesonympha ludovici and Triassoephemera punctata, and investigated both original type material and numerous previously unstudied specimens. As a result, we provide a new interpretation of their morphology, life histories, and systematics: the nymphs of M. longipes, V. ludovici and T. punctata were aquatic and at least the former two species undoubtedly lived in flowing water as passive filter-feeders. This finding represents the so far earliest occurrence of this feeding strategy in aquatic insects. The most obvious morphological adaptations to this lifestyle are long filtering setae arranged in rows on forelegs, analogous to some modern mayfly nymphs. We place the three investigated species M. longipes, V. ludovici and T. punctata in a newly established, unranked higher taxon, Sinebranchia, representing the sister group to Heptabranchia (Coxoplectoptera + Ephemeroptera). Sinebranchia share a single-segmented tarsus synapomorphic with Heptabranchia, but retain the plesiomorphic condition of double tarsal claws. Sinebranchia are also characterized by their autapomorphic lack of tracheal gills, probably connected to their life in flowing, welloxygenated water.

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Neither silverfish nor fowl: the enigmatic Carboniferous Carbotriplura kukalovaeKluge, 1996 (Insecta: Carbotriplurida) is the putative fossil sister group of winged insects (Insecta: Pterygota)

Cited by 10 publications

References 37 publications

Evolution of insect wings and development – new details from Palaeozoic nymphs

Evolution of insect wings and development – new details from Palaeozoic nymphs

New Carboniferous fossils of Spilapteridae enlighten postembryonic wing development in Palaeodictyoptera

Evolution of filter‐feeding in aquatic insects dates back to the Middle Triassic: new evidence from stem‐group mayflies (Insecta, Ephemerida) from Grès à Voltzia, Vosges, France

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