Previous studies have demonstrated that repetition priming effect is modulated by the pre-existing representation of stimuli. In addition, studies have observed the conceptual priming effect in the case of exemplar exchange and the perceptual priming effect in the case of orientation transformation of primed stimuli. However, no research has controlled the conceptual priming and the perceptual priming simultaneously, or has further explored the influence of lag length on the above two types of priming. In order to address these issues, the present experiment adopted 850 pictures as materials, and manipulated the lag length between unprimed and primed stimuli (including immediate and delayed repetition), and the stimulus presentation (exemplar exchange and orientation transformation of primed stimuli). The analysis showed that the repetition priming effects of both accuracy and reaction time were modulated by exemplar exchange, orientation transformation of primed pictures, as well as lag length. The analysis showed that the strength of repetition priming effect of accuracy was sensitive to the factors of exemplar exchange, orientation transformation of primed pictures, and lag length; the strength of repetition priming effect of reaction time was sensitive to the interaction of exemplar exchange and lag length. In conclusion, the robust repetition priming effect and its strength in pictures supports top-down processing. The sensitivity of repetition priming effect and the strength of repetition priming effect to both exemplar exchange and orientation transformation of primed stimuli suggest we record significant conceptual priming and perceptual priming. Our data also show that the conceptual priming induced by exemplar exchange and the perceptual priming induced by orientation transformation of primed stimuli are sensitive to the lag length between unprimed and primed stimuli, strengthening the memory processing framework.