“…Nevertheless, one of the reasons why faculty members are dissatisfied with EIR in universities (Dorenkamp & Weiß, 2017) is because they perceive that there is inequality in the granting of rewards, and most of what they discover about rewards and promotions occur informally, in contact with other faculty members, which leads to misunderstandings and higher TI (Kim & Rehg, 2018;De la Torre-ruiz et al, 2017;Mamiseishvili et al, 2016). Hence, it is important that institutional policies and rewards aimed at faculty members are perceived by them as fair and successful (Jaeger & Thornton, 2006), because rewards have great value among individuals from different cultures (Mamiseishvili & Lee, 2018), and conditions must be created to support them (Mamiseishvili et al, 2016).…”