‘Neisseria skkuensis’ sp. nov., isolated from the blood of a diabetic patient with a foot ulcer

Abstract

Gram-negative bacterium was isolated from the blood of a patient with diabetes mellitus. However, it could not be identified by conventional microbiological methods, and so was characterized by phenotypic and genotypic analyses. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the strain belonged to the genus Neisseria. Based on the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, we propose that strain SMC-A9199 T (5KCTC 22696 T 5JCM 16127 T) should be classified as a novel species, 'Neisseria skkuensis' sp. nov. The patient was further treated with amoxicillin-clavulanate and ciprofloxacin for 3 weeks. Bacterial isolate Strain SMC-A9199 T was Gram-negative, when stained at room temperature. It grew well aerobically on sheep blood agar and chocolate agar at 35 u C in an atmosphere of 5 % CO 2 after 24 h incubation. Colonies were round and light grey, and 3These authors contributed equally to this work. The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the 16S rRNA, argF and recA gene sequences of 'N. skkuensis' strain SMC-A9199 T are FJ763637, FJ787491 and FJ787492, respectively.

Non-pathogenic Neisseria: members of an abundant, multi-habitat, diverse genus

“…Notably, although Neisseria polysaccharea is the most evolutionarily related species to N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae (Bennett et al, 2013;Bennett et al, 2014), there are far fewer case reports for disease caused by this species compared with N. lactamica and N. cinerea. Visceral botryomycosis: 20-year-old male with chronic granulomatous disease Washburn et al (1985) N. sicca Endocarditis: 17 cases mostly associated with mitral valve replacement Sommerstein et al (2013) Meningitis: 44-year-old female following intracranial haemorrhage and ventriculostomy tube placement Carter et al (2007) Conjunctivitis: 79-year-old female with no history of trauma or surgery Eser et al (2014) N. skkuensis Fever and foot ulcer: 50-year-old male with type 2 diabetes, suffering from complications Lee et al (2010) Prosthetic valve endocarditis: 41-year-old male with liver cirrhosis, chronic kidney disease, 1 year after a mechanical mitral valve replacement due to endocarditis caused by MRSA Park et al (2012) N. cinerea Peritonitis: 38-year-old male with type 2 diabetes, 2 years after end-stage renal disease and CAPD Taegtmeyer et al (2006) Neonatal conjunctivitis: new born, from mother during birth Bourbeau et al (1990) Bacteraemia: 47-year-old male, underlying ethanol abuse and polymicrobial sepsis Southern & Kutscher (1987) Commensal Neisseria Some Neisseria species have been reported to be bona fide animal pathogens (Table 2). In mammals, N. animaloris (EF-4a) and N. zoodegmatis (EF-4b) cause disease in animals within the Felidae family, including more than ten cases of disease in cats (Baral et al, 2007;Corboz et al, 1993;McParland et al, 1982), two Chinese leopards, a lion and a tiger cub (Fenwick et al, 1983;Lloyd & Allen, 1980;Perry & Schlingman, 1988).…”

Acute Cellulitis Caused byNeisseria skkuensis

“…Then we further identified the detailed characteristics of N. skkuensis with API NE and API 50 CHB/E kit (bioMérieux). The assimilation of glucose tested in API NE was negative in our strain whereas positive in Lee et al [7]. However, the production of acid from ribose, glucose, fructose, mannitol, sucrose and gluconate was same as in the previous report [7] ( Table 1).…”

“…Previous reports described N. skkuensis infections in diabetic foot ulcer and endocarditis with underlying disorders such as diabetes and liver cirrhosis, respectively [7][8][9]. We report the first case of cellulitis due to N. skkuensis in the patient with liver cirrhosis and hepatic cellular carcinoma who was diagnosed incidentally.…”

“…skkuensis, a novel species of Neisseria genus, was first described in 2010 [7]. In the first report, this organism was isolated from blood and pus from the foot ulcer of the diabetic patient.…”

“…In addition to these pathogens, N. skkuensis was designated as a novel species which cause foot ulcer of diabetic patient in 2010 [7].…”