Neighbourhood socioeconomic status and maternal factors at birth as moderators of the association between birth characteristics and school attainment: a population study of children attending government schools in Western Australia

Malacova, Eva; Li, Jianghong; Blair, Eve; Mattes, Eugen; Klerk, Nicholas de; Stanley, Fiona

doi:10.1136/jech.2008.086033

Cited by 23 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Explanatory variables were selected on the basis of previous studies that described the association of specific risk factors with education outcomes. Variables available from the perinatal dataset were: gestational age, birthweight, Apgar scores at 5 min, maternal age, child gender, parity, maternal smoking and alcohol consumption . Variables selected from student information data were: maternal education, Indigenous status, age of child and remoteness of residence .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of perinatal health and socio‐demographic factors on school education outcomes: A population study of Indigenous and non‐Indigenous children in the Northern Territory

Guthridge

Silburn

et al. 2015

J Paediatrics Child Health

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The study highlights that many of the risk factors associated with poor education outcomes among Indigenous children are shared with the general population. The results inform a targeted, cross-agency response to address modifiable early-life risk factors for educational disadvantage. Data linkage, using existing administrative datasets, provides a useful addition to methods that identify priority areas for prevention and early intervention.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of perinatal health and socio‐demographic factors on school education outcomes: A population study of Indigenous and non‐Indigenous children in the Northern Territory

Guthridge

Silburn

et al. 2015

J Paediatrics Child Health

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“…Additionally, there is likely a genetic effect; however the magnitude of the genetic effect on child mental abilities or achievement, has been shown to vary by the SES of the population being assessed, with genetics playing a much smaller role in disadvantaged, low SES populations, presumably because genetic effects are not fully realized until sufficient cognitive stimulation is present in a population (Harden, Turkheimer, & Loehlin, 2007; Turkheimer, Haley, & Waldheimer, 2003). Likewise several recent studies documented that associations between adverse perinatal outcomes such as intrauterine growth restriction and child cognition were not always apparent in low SES population (Drews-Botsch et al, 2011; Malacova et al, 2009). Finally, beyond population-SES factors, specific neighborhood factors that influence livability, cohesiveness, and safety which are certainly related to the SES of a population might additionally impact child cognitive performance through a other relationships, particularly post-natal environmental factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Socioeconomic status, child enrichment factors, and cognitive performance among preschool-age children: Results from the Follow-Up of Growth and Development Experiences study

Christensen

Schieve

Devine

et al. 2014

Research in Developmental Disabilities

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Lower cognitive performance is associated with poorer health and functioning throughout the lifespan and disproportionately affects children from lower socioeconomic status (SES) populations. Previous studies reporting positive associations between child home enrichment and cognitive performance generally had a limited distribution of SES. We evaluated the associations of SES and child enrichment with cognitive performance in a population with a wide range of SES, particularly whether enrichment attenuates associations with SES. Children were sampled from a case–control study of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) conducted in a public hospital serving a low SES population (final n = 198) and a private hospital serving a middle-to-high SES population (final n = 253). SES (maternal education and income) and perinatal factors (SGA, maternal smoking and drinking) were obtained from maternal birth interview. Five child home enrichment factors (e.g. books in home) and preschool attendance were obtained from follow-up interview at age 4.5 years. Cognitive performance was assessed with the Differential Ability Scales (DAS), a standardized psychometric test administered at follow-up. SES and enrichment scores were created by combining individual factors. Analyses were adjusted for perinatal factors. Children from the public birth hospital had a significantly lower mean DAS general cognitive ability (GCA) score than children born at the private birth hospital (adjusted mean difference −21.4, 95% CI: −24.0, −18.7); this was substantially attenuated by adjustment for individual SES, child enrichment factors, and preschool attendance (adjusted mean difference −5.1, 95% CI: −9.5, −0.7). Individual-level SES score was associated with DAS score, beyond the general SES effect associated with hospital of birth. Adjustment for preschool attendance and home enrichment score attenuated the association between individual SES score and adjusted mean DAS-GCA among children born at both of the hospitals. The effect of being in the lower compared to the middle tertile of SES score was reduced by approximately a quarter; the effect of being in the upper compared to the middle tertile of SES score was reduced by nearly half, but this comparison was possible only for children born at the private hospital. A child’s individual SES was associated with cognitive performance within advantaged and disadvantaged populations. Child enrichment was associated with better cognitive performance and attenuated the SES influence. Health care providers should reinforce guidelines for home enrichment and refer children with delays to early intervention and education, particularly children from disadvantaged populations.

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“…Malacova et al (2009) reported that among children born to mothers residing in higher SES areas in Western Australia, there was a strong, linear relationship between birthweight and reading scores; however, among children from disadvantaged neighborhoods, reading scores were low for all groups, regardless of birthweight. Likewise, Drews-Botsch et al (2011) found that among children from disadvantaged families born at a public hospital the prevalence of cognitive deficit was high overall and not further influenced by birthweight-for-gestational-age; however an association between SGA and subsequent cognitive deficit was evident among children born at a private hospital that served a much higher SES population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Perinatal Risk Factors Associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Intellectual Disability (ID), and Co-occurring ASD and ID

Schieve

Clayton

Durkin

et al. 2015

J Autism Dev Disord

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While studies report associations between perinatal outcomes and both autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID), there has been little study of ASD with versus without co-occurring ID. We compared perinatal risk factors among 7547 children in the 2006–2010 Autism and Developmental Disability Monitoring Network classified as having ASD + ID, ASD only, and ID only. Children in all three groups had higher rates of preterm birth (PTB), low birth weight, small-for-gestational-age, and low Apgar score than expected based on the US birth cohort adjusted for key socio-demographic factors. Associations with most factors, especially PTB, were stronger for children with ID only than children with ASD + ID or ASD only. Associations were similar for children with ASD + ID and ASD only.

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Neighbourhood socioeconomic status and maternal factors at birth as moderators of the association between birth characteristics and school attainment: a population study of children attending government schools in Western Australia

Cited by 23 publications

References 31 publications

Impact of perinatal health and socio‐demographic factors on school education outcomes: A population study of Indigenous and non‐Indigenous children in the Northern Territory

Impact of perinatal health and socio‐demographic factors on school education outcomes: A population study of Indigenous and non‐Indigenous children in the Northern Territory

Socioeconomic status, child enrichment factors, and cognitive performance among preschool-age children: Results from the Follow-Up of Growth and Development Experiences study

Comparison of Perinatal Risk Factors Associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Intellectual Disability (ID), and Co-occurring ASD and ID

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