Neighbourhood fast food outlets and obesity in children and adults: the CLAN Study

Crawford, David; Timperio, Anna; Salmon, Jo; Baur, Louise A.; Giles-Corti, Billie; Roberts, Rebecca; Jackson, Michelle; Andrianopoulos, Nick; Ball, Kylie

doi:10.1080/17477160802113225

Cited by 87 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…However, this is unlikely as a broad range of measures capturing different aspects of the local neighbourhood were assessed. It may be that aspects of children's neighbourhood relating to the availability of healthy and unhealthy food choices may have been more important in explaining BMI z-score, although earlier crosssectional analysis of CLAN participants, 46 and other studies of children, 47,48 suggest that the availability of fast food outlets is unrelated to weight status. Nonetheless, the lack of data regarding the local food environment and eating behaviours must be acknowledged as a limitation of the present analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

The longitudinal influence of home and neighbourhood environments on children's body mass index and physical activity over 5 years: the CLAN study

et al. 2010

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Objective: To determine the independent contributions of family and neighbourhood environments to changes in youth physical activity and body mass index (BMI) z-score over 5 years. Methods: In 2001 years at baseline) had their height and weight measured (BMI was converted to z-scores using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reference charts; see http://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) assessed using accelerometers. In 2001, parents reported on the home environment (social support, role modelling, rules and restrictions, physical environment) and perceived neighbourhood environment (local traffic, road safety, sporting venues, public transport), and Geographic Information Systems were used to map features of the neighbourhood environment (destinations, road connectivity, traffic exposure). Generalized estimating equations were used to predict average BMI z-score and MVPA over time from baseline home and perceived and objective neighbourhood environment factors. Results: Among boys, maternal education and heavy traffic were inversely associated, and sibling physical activity, maternal role modelling of MVPA and the presence of dead-end roads were positively associated with MVPA. Having unmarried parents, maternal MVPA role modelling and number of home sedentary items were positively associated with BMI z-score among boys. Among girls, having siblings, paternal MVPA role modelling, physical activity rules and parental physical activity co-participation were positively associated with MVPA. Having unmarried parents and maternal sedentary behaviour role modelling were positively associated, and number of sedentary behaviour rules and physical activity items were inversely associated with BMI z-score among girls. Conclusion: The home environment seems more important than the neighbourhood environment in influencing children's physical activity and BMI z-score over 5 years. Physical activity and weight gain programmes among youth should focus on parental role modelling, rules around sedentary and active pursuits, and parental support for physical activity. Intervention studies to investigate these strategies are warranted.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

The longitudinal influence of home and neighbourhood environments on children's body mass index and physical activity over 5 years: the CLAN study

et al. 2010

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“…95,96 Researchers have used various approaches to examine associations between BE factors and childhood obesity. [95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108] Evidence in the literature shows that improvements to the BE (e.g., places to exercise, green space, sidewalks, recreational areas, neighborhood safety, food access and healthier food options) will increase physical activity, potentially resulting in a decrease in obesity. 94,97,98,109 Decreased activity levels have been found when these services are difficult to access.…”

Section: Built Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and non-chemical stressors affecting childhood obesity: a systematic scoping review

Lichtveld

Thomas

Tulve

2017

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Childhood obesity in the United States has doubled over the last three decades and currently affects 17% of children and adolescents. While much research has focused on individual behaviors impacting obesity, little research has emphasized the complex interactions of numerous chemical and non-chemical stressors found in a child's environment and how these interactions affect a child's health and well-being. The objectives of this systematic scoping review were to (1) identify potential chemical stressors in the context of non-chemical stressors that impact childhood obesity; and, (2) summarize our observations for chemical and non-chemical stressors in regards to child-specific environments within a community setting. A review was conducted to identify chemical and non-chemical stressors related to childhood obesity for the childhood life stages ranging from prenatal to adolescence. Stressors were identified and grouped into domains: individual behaviors, family/household behaviors, community stressors, and chemical exposures. Stressors were related to the child and the child's everyday environments and used to characterize child health and well-being. This review suggests that the interactions of chemical and non-chemical stressors are important for understanding a child's overall health and well-being. By considering these relationships, the exposure science research community can better design and implement strategies to reduce childhood obesity.

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“…Exposure to food service establishments is considered to encourage consumption and contribute to poorer diet quality, and hence adverse health profiles (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11). We thus hypothesized that neighborhood restaurant availability and frequency of eating out are associated with unfavorable patterns of dietary intake and thus possibly higher body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neighborhood Restaurant Availability and Frequency of Eating Out in Relation to Dietary Intake in Young Japanese Women

Murakami

Sasaki

Takahashi

et al. 2011

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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Summary Exposure to food service establishments is considered to encourage consumption and contribute to poorer diet quality, and hence adverse health profiles. However, empirical verification of these links remains rare, particularly in young adults and nonWestern populations. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to test the hypothesis that neighborhood restaurant availability and frequency of eating out are associated with unfavorable patterns of dietary intake and thus possibly higher body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference in young Japanese women. The subjects were 989 female Japanese dietetic students 18 to 22 y of age. Dietary intake and frequency of eating out (i.e., consumption of commercially prepared meals) during the preceding month were assessed using a comprehensive, self-administered diet history questionnaire. Neighborhood restaurant availability was defined as the number of restaurants within a 0.5-mile (0.8-km) radius of residence (i.e., full-service restaurants, limited-service restaurants, and cafeterias). Increasing frequency of eating out was associated with higher intake of meat, confectionery and bread, and dietary fat, lower intake of fruit and vegetables, rice, and dietary fiber, and higher dietary energy density. However, neighborhood restaurant availability was not associated with either the frequency of eating out or any of the dietary variables examined. Further, frequency of eating out and neighborhood restaurant availability were not associated with BMI or waist circumference. In conclusion, although frequency of eating out was positively associated with unfavorable dietary intake patterns in a group of young Japanese women, neighborhood restaurant availability was not associated with frequency of eating out or dietary intake.

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Neighbourhood fast food outlets and obesity in children and adults: the CLAN Study

Abstract: While consumption of fast food has been shown to be associated with obesity, this study provides little support for the concept that exposure to fast food outlets in the local neighbourhood increases risk of obesity.

Cited by 87 publications

References 37 publications

The longitudinal influence of home and neighbourhood environments on children's body mass index and physical activity over 5 years: the CLAN study

The longitudinal influence of home and neighbourhood environments on children's body mass index and physical activity over 5 years: the CLAN study

Chemical and non-chemical stressors affecting childhood obesity: a systematic scoping review

Neighborhood Restaurant Availability and Frequency of Eating Out in Relation to Dietary Intake in Young Japanese Women

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