Neighbourhood deprivation and lung cancer risk: a nested case–control study in the USA

Sanderson, Maureen; Aldrich, Melinda C.; Levine, Robert S.; Kilbourne, Barbara; Cai, Qiuyin; Blot, William J.

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-021059

Cited by 18 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…The Yost Index was most commonly utilized ( n = 40 studies), 26,31,32,34,35,37,41,45–77 followed by the Concentrated Disadvantage Index ( n = 6), 33,40,42,78–80 Messer Index ( n = 4), 3,15,36,81 and Yang Index ( n = 4) 82–85 . Indices were developed using methods including principal components analysis, 3,15,26,30–37,40–42,45–76,78–90 factor analysis, 27,39,91–95 principal components analysis plus factor analysis, 96 a priori selection, 29,38,40,78,80,97–99 and weighted quantile sums 28 that generally characterized indices by eight main domains: income, education, employment, housing, transportation, family structure, demographic data, and other (Table 1). All indices included the income domain, and variables used to represent this domain were relatively consistent (i.e., poverty (n = 18 indices), median household income (n = 11 indices)).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For breast cancer (n = 6 studies), 34,39,52,53,74,92 thyroid cancer (n = 1), 60 and melanoma (n = 1), 31 positive associations with nSES were commonly reported (breast: 11 positive associations/16 total 34,52,53,74 ; melanoma/thyroid: 2 positive associations/2 total 31,60 ) (Table S4). Inverse associations between nSES and incidence of cervical (n = 3 studies; 20 inverse associations/27 total) 51,58,74 and lung (n = 7 studies; 70 inverse associations/123 total) 73,74,82,85,89,91,92 cancer were more likely to be reported. No consistent associations emerged for prostate (n = 3 studies), 36,74,92 colorectal (n = 6), 67,74,79,86,90,92 gastric (n = 2), 26,76 head and neck (n = 2), 51,57 and liver (n = 1) 47 cancers (Table S4).…”

Section: Nses Associations By Cancer Outcomes and Cancer Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Yost Index was most commonly utilized (n = 40 st udies), 26,31,32,34,35,37,41, followed by the Concentrated Disadvantage Index (n = 6), 33,40,42,[78][79][80] Messer Index (n = 4), 3,15,36,81 and Yang Index (n = 4). [82][83][84][85] Indices were developed using methods including principal components analysis, 3,15,26,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][40][41][42][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90] factor analysis, 27,39,[91]…”

Section: Overview Of Nses Indicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,15,26,27,29,31,32,[34][35][36][37]39,41,[81][82][83][84][85][87][88][89][91][92][93]96 Thirteen indices included family structure, often represented by variables related to female-headed households or single head of households with children . 3,15,27,33,36,[38][39][40]42,[78][79][80][81][86][87][88][89]91,[94][95][96]98 Eight indices included transportation, which was consistently represented by variables related to vehicle ownership. 27,86-91,98,99…”

Section: Overview Of Nses Indicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…107 An inverse association was also observed between nSES and lung cancer incidence among NHW, Black, and Asian cases. Given the impact of environmental factors (e.g., smoking, 89 air pollution exposure 108 ) on this cancer, it is likely that low nSES correlates with greater exposure to these risk factors, but additional studies are warranted to tease these associations apart.…”

Section: Cancer Incidencementioning

confidence: 99%

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Systematic review of neighborhood socioeconomic indices studied across the cancer control continuum

et al. 2022

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Background There is extensive interest in understanding how neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES) may affect cancer incidence or survival. However, variability regarding items included and approaches used to form a composite nSES index presents challenges in summarizing overall associations with cancer. Given recent calls for standardized measures of neighborhood sociodemographic effects in cancer disparity research, the objective of this systematic review was to identify and compare existing nSES indices studied across the cancer continuum (incidence, screening, diagnosis, treatment, survival/mortality) and summarize associations by race/ethnicity and cancer site to inform future cancer disparity studies. Methods Using PRISMA guidelines, peer‐reviewed articles published between 2010 and 2019 containing keywords related to nSES and cancer were identified in PubMed. Results Twenty‐four nSES indices were identified from 75 studies. In general, findings indicated a significant association between nSES and cancer outcomes (n = 64/75 studies; 85.33%), with 42/64 (65.63%) adjusting for highly‐correlated individual SES factors (e.g., education). However, the direction of association differed by cancer site, race/ethnicity, and nSES index. Conclusions This review highlights several methodologic and conceptual issues surrounding nSES measurement and potential associations with cancer disparities. Recommendations pertaining to the selection of nSES measures are provided, which may help inform disparity‐related disease processes and improve the identification of vulnerable populations in need of intervention.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nses Associations By Cancer Outcomes and Cancer Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Overview Of Nses Indicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Overview Of Nses Indicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cancer Incidencementioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Systematic review of neighborhood socioeconomic indices studied across the cancer control continuum

et al. 2022

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Evaluation of Lung Cancer Risk Among Persons Undergoing Screening or Guideline-Concordant Monitoring of Lung Nodules in the Mississippi Delta

Osarogiagbon¹,

Liao²,

Faris³

et al. 2023

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceGuideline-concordant management of lung nodules promotes early lung cancer diagnosis, but the lung cancer risk profile of persons with incidentally detected lung nodules differs from that of screening-eligible persons.ObjectiveTo compare lung cancer diagnosis hazard between participants receiving low-dose computed tomography screening (LDCT cohort) and those in a lung nodule program (LNP cohort).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis prospective cohort study included LDCT vs LNP enrollees from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2021, who were seen in a community health care system. Participants were prospectively identified, data were abstracted from clinical records, and survival was updated at 6-month intervals. The LDCT cohort was stratified by Lung CT Screening Reporting and Data System as having no potentially malignant lesions (Lung-RADS 1-2 cohort) vs those with potentially malignant lesions (Lung-RADS 3-4 cohort), and the LNP cohort was stratified by smoking history into screening-eligible vs screening-ineligible groups. Participants with prior lung cancer, younger than 50 years or older than 80 years, and lacking a baseline Lung-RADS score (LDCT cohort only) were excluded. Participants were followed up to January 1, 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresComparative cumulative rates of lung cancer diagnosis and patient, nodule, and lung cancer characteristics between programs, using LDCT as a reference.ResultsThere were 6684 participants in the LDCT cohort (mean [SD] age, 65.05 [6.11] years; 3375 men [50.49%]; 5774 [86.39%] in the Lung-RADS 1-2 and 910 [13.61%] in the Lung-RADS 3-4 cohorts) and 12 645 in the LNP cohort (mean [SD] age, 65.42 [8.33] years; 6856 women [54.22%]; 2497 [19.75%] screening eligible and 10 148 [80.25%] screening ineligible). Black participants constituted 1244 (18.61%) of the LDCT cohort, 492 (19.70%) of the screening-eligible LNP cohort, and 2914 (28.72%) of the screening-ineligible LNP cohort (P &lt; .001). The median lesion size was 4 (IQR, 2-6) mm for the LDCT cohort (3 [IQR, 2-4] mm for Lung-RADS 1-2 and 9 [IQR, 6-15] mm for Lung-RADS 3-4 cohorts), 9 (IQR, 6-16) mm for the screening-eligible LNP cohort, and 7 (IQR, 5-11) mm for the screening-ineligible LNP cohort. In the LDCT cohort, lung cancer was diagnosed in 80 participants (1.44%) in the Lung-RADS 1-2 cohort and 162 (17.80%) in the Lung-RADS 3-4 cohort; in the LNP cohort, it was diagnosed in 531 (21.27%) in the screening-eligible cohort and 447 (4.40%) in the screening-ineligible cohort. Compared with Lung-RADS 1-2, the fully adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) were 16.2 (95% CI, 12.7-20.6) for the screening-eligible cohort and 3.8 (95% CI, 3.0-5.0) for the screening-ineligible cohort; compared with Lung-RADS 3-4, the aHRs were 1.2 (95% CI, 1.0-1.5) and 0.3 (95% CI, 0.2-0.4), respectively. The stage of lung cancer was I to II in 156 of 242 patients (64.46%) in the LDCT cohort, 276 of 531 (52.00%) in the screening-eligible LNP cohort, and 253 of 447 (56.60%) in the screening-ineligible LNP cohort.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, the cumulative lung cancer diagnosis hazard of screening-age persons enrolled in the LNP was higher than that in a screening cohort, irrespective of smoking history. The LNP provided access to early detection for a higher proportion of Black persons.

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Structural Racism and Lung Cancer Risk

Bonner,

Curley,

Love

et al. 2024

JAMA Oncol

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ImportanceStructural racism is associated with persistent inequities in health and health outcomes in the US for racial and ethnic minority groups. This review summarizes how structural racism contributes to differential population-level exposure to lung cancer risk factors and thus disparate lung cancer risk across different racial and ethnic groups.ObservationsA scoping review was conducted focusing on structural racism and lung cancer risk for racial and ethnic minority groups. The domains of structural racism evaluated included housing and built environment, occupation and employment, health care, economic and educational opportunity, private industry, perceived stress and discrimination, and criminal justice involvement. The PubMed, Embase, and MedNar databases were searched for English-language studies in the US from January 1, 2010, through June 30, 2022. The review demonstrated that racial and ethnic minority groups are more likely to have environmental exposures to air pollution and known carcinogens due to segregation of neighborhoods and poor housing quality. In addition, racial and ethnic minority groups were more likely to have exposures to pesticides, silica, and asbestos secondary to higher employment in manual labor occupations. Furthermore, targeted marketing and advertisement of tobacco products by private industry were more likely to occur in neighborhoods with more racial and ethnic minority groups. In addition, poor access to primary care services and inequities in insurance status were associated with elevated lung cancer risk among racial and ethnic minority groups. Lastly, inequities in tobacco use and cessation services among individuals with criminal justice involvement had important implications for tobacco use among Black and Hispanic populations.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings suggest that structural racism must be considered as a fundamental contributor to the unequal distribution of lung cancer risk factors and thus disparate lung cancer risk across different racial and ethnic groups. Additional research is needed to better identify mechanisms contributing to inequitable lung cancer risk and tailor preventive interventions.

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Neighbourhood deprivation and lung cancer risk: a nested case–control study in the USA

Cited by 18 publications

References 31 publications

Systematic review of neighborhood socioeconomic indices studied across the cancer control continuum

Systematic review of neighborhood socioeconomic indices studied across the cancer control continuum

Evaluation of Lung Cancer Risk Among Persons Undergoing Screening or Guideline-Concordant Monitoring of Lung Nodules in the Mississippi Delta

Structural Racism and Lung Cancer Risk

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