Neighbourhood characteristics and the incidence of first-episode psychosis and duration of untreated psychosis

O’Donoghue, Brian; Lyne, John; Renwick, Laoise; Lane, Abbie; Madigan, Kevin; Staines, Anthony; O’Callaghan, Eadbhard; Clarke, Mary

doi:10.1017/s003329171500286x

Cited by 61 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…This problem persists in regard to similar studies of adulthood psychiatric outcomes 10, 13, 15, 17, 18, 19. In contrast, our prospective longitudinal design enabled us to gain traction on the temporal relation between exposure and outcome, thus minimizing the likelihood that our results were due to reverse causation or recall bias.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…These findings echo studies of adults that have shown that rates of clinical disorders such as schizophrenia9, 10, 11 and depression12, 13, 14, 15 are higher in more deprived environments. In adults, other aspects of the social environment (i.e., beyond deprivation) including low levels of social cohesion (i.e., the set of shared norms, trust, and networks within a community 16 ) have been linked to schizophrenia10, 17, 18, 19 and depression risk 15, 20, 21, 22, 23. Studies also have shown that individuals with schizophrenia report greater cumulative lifetime exposure to social disadvantage (e.g., having lower levels of education and employment, experiencing greater social isolation, living in more deprived environments) compared with general population controls 24 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Trajectories of Neighborhood Cohesion in Childhood, and Psychotic and Depressive Symptoms at Age 13 and 18 Years

Solmi

Colman

Weeks

et al. 2017

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psych

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ObjectiveExposure to adverse social environments has been associated with psychotic and depressive symptoms in adolescence in cross-sectional studies, but the longitudinal relation is unclear. This study examined whether longitudinal trajectories of exposure to adverse social environments across childhood are associated with psychotic experiences and depressive symptoms in adolescence.MethodData on participants from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) were used to estimate longitudinal trajectories of childhood exposure to neighborhood cohesion (NC), discord (ND), and stress (NS) using latent class growth modeling. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between these trajectories and psychotic experiences and depressive symptoms at 13 and 18 years of age, adjusting for maternal psychopathology, participant sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics, and area-level deprivation.ResultsA dose-response association was observed between higher NS and the odds of psychotic experiences at 13 years (medium NS, adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.25, 95% CI 1.05–1.49; high NS, aOR 1.77, 95% CI 1.30–2.40), whereas high levels of ND predicted psychotic experiences at 18 years (aOR 1.50, 95% CI 1.10–2.07). High levels of NC (aOR 1.43, 95% CI 1.02–1.71) and NS (aOR 1.55, 95% CI 1.07–2.26) were associated with increased odds of high depressive symptoms at 18 years in a dose-response fashion.ConclusionProlonged and more severe exposure to adverse social environments is associated with greater odds of developing psychotic and depressive symptoms in late adolescence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Trajectories of Neighborhood Cohesion in Childhood, and Psychotic and Depressive Symptoms at Age 13 and 18 Years

Solmi

Colman

Weeks

et al. 2017

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psych

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“…This idea was also used in other previous studies (Addington et al, ; Qin et al, ; Ran et al, ). Moreover, some studies found median DUP of 2 months (Kalla et al, ; Qiu et al, ; Schimmelmann et al, ), and 4 months (O'Donoghue et al, ); while other studies dichotomized DUP using the cut‐off point of 3 (Cotter, Zabel, French, & Yung, ; Devi Thakoor et al, ; González‐Valderrama et al, ). Thus, the cut‐off points of 2, 3, and 4 months were also considered in this study in order to see if results could be maintained.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of socio‐demographic characteristics, premorbid functioning, and insight on duration of untreated psychosis in first‐episode schizophrenia or schizophreniform disorder in Northern Malawi

Kaminga

Dai

Liu

et al. 2019

Early Intervention Psych

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AimLong duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) is prevalent and has been shown to be associated with poorer prognosis. Thus, knowledge of its determinants may help to target early interventions to reduce DUP on the needed population. Previous studies seeking to understand determinants of DUP have been inconclusive. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of socio‐demographic characteristics, premorbid functioning, and insight on DUP in patients with first‐episode schizophrenia or schizophreniform disorder.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study recruited 110 subjects (aged 18‐65) during a pilot early intervention service for psychosis in Northern Malawi, between June 2009 and September 2012. Short DUP was defined as ≤6 months, whereas long DUP was defined as >6 months. Unadjusted and adjusted analyses were performed to identify determinants of DUP.ResultsOf the 110 subjects, 99 (90%) had schizophrenia. Median DUP was 27.5 months, while mean (SD) DUP was 71.24 (92.32) months. In addition, at least 75% had long DUP, which was associated with lower level of education, poor insight, younger age at onset, and at least one parent deceased.ConclusionsLong DUP is prevalent in Northern Malawi. Thus, early interventions to reduce DUP are warranted in this population. Although having at least one parent deceased predicted long DUP in this study, this remains speculative because factors, such as timing of parents' death and grief reactions of the patients were not assessed. Therefore, further investigations incorporating these factors are needed to ascertain this result.

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“…All instruments have known psychometric properties and their use in the cohort have been reported elsewhere (Lyne et al, ; O'Donoghue et al, ; Renwick et al, ). Descriptive statistics were summarized using percentages, means and standard deviations and interquartile range with median where appropriate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disagreement between service‐users and clinicians assessment of physical health during early psychosis

Renwick

Drennan

Sheridan

et al. 2018

Early Intervention Psych

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Neighbourhood characteristics and the incidence of first-episode psychosis and duration of untreated psychosis

Abstract: The incidence of psychotic disorders is related to neighbourhood factors and it may be useful to consider neighbourhood factors when allocating resources for early intervention services.

Cited by 61 publications

References 38 publications

Trajectories of Neighborhood Cohesion in Childhood, and Psychotic and Depressive Symptoms at Age 13 and 18 Years

Trajectories of Neighborhood Cohesion in Childhood, and Psychotic and Depressive Symptoms at Age 13 and 18 Years

Effects of socio‐demographic characteristics, premorbid functioning, and insight on duration of untreated psychosis in first‐episode schizophrenia or schizophreniform disorder in Northern Malawi

Disagreement between service‐users and clinicians assessment of physical health during early psychosis

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