Neighborhoods and health

Roux, Ana V. Diez; Mair, Christina

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05333.x

Cited by 1,894 publications

(1,512 citation statements)

References 172 publications

(345 reference statements)

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“…Neighborhood social disorder, which is defined as Bvisible cues indicating a lack of order and social control^, 11 is likely stressinducing. 45 The Bbroken windows^theory of urban decline suggests that public disorder causes urban decay and serious crime, and has been linked to adverse mental and physical health outcomes. 46 On the other hand, perceptions of social disorder have been associated with social influences including racial and socioeconomic composition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neighborhood Context and Preterm Delivery among African American Women: the Mediating Role of Psychosocial Factors

et al. 2016

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Preterm delivery (PTD), or birth before 37 completed weeks of gestation, is a serious public health issue, and racial disparities persist. In a recently published study, perceptions of the residential environment (or neighborhood context) were associated with PTD rates among urban African American women with low educational attainment (≤12 years); however, the mechanisms of these associations are unknown. Given this gap in the literature, we used data from the Life Influences on Fetal Environments Study of postpartum African American women from Metropolitan Detroit, Michigan (2009Michigan ( -2011 n = 399), to examine whether psychosocial factors (depressive symptomology, psychological distress, and perceived stress) mediate associations between perceptions of the neighborhood context and PTD. Validated scales were used to measure women's perceptions of their neighborhood safety, walkability, healthy food availability (higher=better), and social disorder (higher=more disorder). The psychosocial indicators were measured with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale, Kessler's Psychological Distress Scale (K6), and Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale. Statistical mediation was assessed using an unadjusted logistic regression-based path analysis for estimating direct and indirect effects. The associations between perceived walkability, food availability, and social disorder were not mediated by psychosocial factors. However, perceptions of neighborhood safety were inversely associated with depressive symptoms which were positively associated with PTD rates. Also, higher perceived neighborhood social disorder was associated with higher PTD rates, net of the indirect paths through psychosocial factors. Future research should identify other mechanisms of the perceived neighborhood context-PTD associations, which would inform PTD prevention efforts among high-risk groups.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neighborhood Context and Preterm Delivery among African American Women: the Mediating Role of Psychosocial Factors

et al. 2016

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“…33 Residents who experience fear or negative emotions regarding their neighborhood can be subject to more stress than those who do not. 15,52 Recently, studies have investigated chronic stress or stress dysregulation as a physiological pathway linking environments to health outcomes. 53,54 For example, neighborhood blight has been shown to trigger a biological stress response.…”

Section: Places and Health: Urban Blightmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[10][11][12][13] Environmental factors play a role in health behaviors and health outcomes, 14 and unequal access to healthy environments contributes to health inequities. 15 Residents of under-resourced neighborhoods are more likely to experience exposure to substandard housing, noise, air pollution, violent crime and environmental hazards. 16 Research has established many negative outcomes associated with such disadvantaged neighborhood conditions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16 Research has established many negative outcomes associated with such disadvantaged neighborhood conditions. 12,15,17,18 Place-based interventions have the potential to influence a Bculture of health^that supports healthy lifestyles at home, work, play, and in the places in-between, 2 and that impacts population-scale health and safety. Moreover, the influence of placebased changes often occur without asking would-be beneficiaries to change their habits, adhere to treatment regimens, or remember classroom training they may have once received.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Nature-Based Strategies for Improving Urban Health and Safety

2015

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Place-based programs are being noticed as key opportunities to prevent disease and promote public health and safety for populations at-large. As one key type of place-based intervention, nature-based and green space strategies can play an especially large role in improving health and safety for dwellers in urban environments such as US legacy cities that lack nature and greenery. In this paper, we describe the current understanding of place-based influences on public health and safety. We focus on nonchemical environmental factors, many of which are related to urban abandonment and blight. We then review findings from studies of nature-based interventions regarding impacts on health, perceptions of safety, and crime. Based on our findings, we suggest that further research in this area will require (1) refined measures of green space, nature, and health and safety for cities, (2) interdisciplinary science and cross-sector policy collaboration, (3) observational studies as well as randomized controlled experiments and natural experiments using appropriate spatial counterfactuals and mixed methods, and (4) return-on-investment calculations of potential economic, social, and health costs and benefits of urban greening initiatives. KEYWORDS Urban nature, Green space, Place-based interventions, Public health, CrimeThere is growing support of place-based programs to help prevent disease and promote public health and safety. [1][2][3][4][5] This movement is largely motivated by increasing findings that public health interventions targeted at individuals or behaviors have limited effect on health and safety outcomes at a population scale. 6 For example, educational programs that promote behavioral change among very specific, targeted population groups may not impact broader societal issues such as the actual contexts within which unhealthy behaviors like tobacco use, lack of exercise, poor diet, distracted driving, and violence occur. 7-9 Moreover, programmatic impact is rarely sustained beyond the small study populations that are targeted. When funding ends, program impact thus also often ends unless, in very rare instances, the program itself somehow becomes institutionalized or part of a larger social norm.Place-based programs rest on increasing evidence that in addition to biological and individual attributes, everyday environments have a potentially strong and Kondo is with the USDA-Forest Service, Northern Research Station,

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“…A key question has been to what extent self--selection of individuals into neighbourhoods will make it difficult to estimate true contextual effects using observational data (Diez Roux and Mair, 2010).…”

Section: Methods and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-scalar residential context and recovery from illness: An analysis using Swedish register data

Malmberg

Andersson

2015

Health & Place

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To what extent does spatial variation in ill health reflect the influence of contextual factors such as differences in social trust, density of social network, and varying social support? To answer this question it is not enough to have individual and neighbourhood level data. It is also necessary to have an idea about the scale at which social influence on health are at work. In this paper we will demonstrated that changes in neighbourhood scale-that is, shifts in the number of nearest neighbours that are used to compute contextual variables-can lead to large shifts in the values for contextual variables that are assigned to different individuals. This implies that estimates of neighbourhood effects are not invariant to changes in scale. We also present results from an empirical analysis of scale dependent neighbourhood effects using Swedish longitudinal register--based data on sickness--benefit recipiency as an indicator of onset of and recovery from illness. Sickness--insurance data is used because, for confidentiality reasons, our register base data set contains limited information on health outcomes. Our first sample consists of individuals that have stayed healthy and in work for a three--year period, some of whom are affected by illness during the fourth year. Our second sample consists of those in the first group that fall ill during the fourth year, some of who return to good health in the fifth year. In order to compute the contextual variables for different scale level we use the Equipop software.

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Neighborhoods and health

Cited by 1,894 publications

References 172 publications

Neighborhood Context and Preterm Delivery among African American Women: the Mediating Role of Psychosocial Factors

Neighborhood Context and Preterm Delivery among African American Women: the Mediating Role of Psychosocial Factors

Nature-Based Strategies for Improving Urban Health and Safety

Multi-scalar residential context and recovery from illness: An analysis using Swedish register data

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