Neighborhood violent crime and adolescent relationship aggression

Taylor, Bruce; Mumford, Elizabeth A.; Okeke, Nnenna; Rothman, Emily F.

doi:10.1002/ab.21875

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…These FBI data provide context for LEA reporting on rape/SA and have previously been used to understand national trends in SA, 51 gun violence, 52,53 and relationship aggression. 54 Future studies could explore other crime databases to validate these trends.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in US Emergency Department Use After Sexual Assault, 2006-2019

et al. 2022

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ImportanceAdult sexual assault (SA) survivors experience numerous emergent health problems, yet few seek emergency medical care. Quantifying the number and types of survivors presenting to US emergency departments (EDs) after SA can inform health care delivery strategies to reduce survivor morbidity and mortality.ObjectiveTo quantify ED use and factors that influenced seeking ED care for adult SA from 2006 through 2019.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used SA data from the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample from 2006 through 2019, which includes more than 35.8 million observations of US ED visits from 989 hospitals, a 20% stratified sample of hospital-based EDs. The study also used the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s Uniform Crime Reporting Program, which includes annual crime data from more than 18 000 law enforcement agencies representing more than 300 million US inhabitants. The study sample included any adult aged 18 to 65 years with an ED visit in the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample coded as SA. The data were analyzed between January 2020 and June 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAnnual SA-related ED visits, subsequent hospital admissions, and associated patient-related factors (age, sex, race and ethnicity, income quartile, and insurance) were analyzed using descriptive statistics.ResultsData were from 120 to 143 million weighted ED visits reported annually from 2006 through 2019. Sexual assault–related ED visits increased more than 1533.0% from 3607 in 2006 to 55 296 in 2019. Concurrently, admission rates for these visits declined from 12.6% to 4.3%. Female, younger, and lower-income individuals were more likely to present to the ED after SA. Older and Medicaid-insured patients were more likely to be admitted. Overall, the rate of ED visits for SA outpaced law enforcement reporting.Conclusions and RelevanceThis cross-sectional study found that US adult SA ED visits increased from 2006 through 2019 and highlighted the populations who access emergency care most frequently and who more likely need inpatient care. These data can inform policies and the programming needed to support this vulnerable population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in US Emergency Department Use After Sexual Assault, 2006-2019

et al. 2022

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“…In our case, having experienced DV could influence the perception of neighborhood disorder and vice versa. Studies using police data to describe the effect of crime have found no significant association with DV [ 25 , 26 ]. However, crime rate was measured at the census tract level, which corresponds to the average size of population and area of a 750 m buffer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several empirical analyses assessed the effects of neighborhood disorder and density of alcohol outlets on DV, but results are mixed. Some studies found positive associations between perceived neighborhood disorder and DV [ 21 – 24 ], while others reported no significant associations between crime rate, a dimension of neighborhood disorder, and DV [ 25 , 26 ]. The association between alcohol outlet density and DV has been observed among young adults [ 27 – 29 ], but studies have yet to assess this relationship among adolescents.…”

Section: Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to the lack of knowledge about neighborhood effects on DV, previous studies have not explored the impact of neighborhoods’ operationalization and spatial scale of the estimated effects. Most studies on DV used census tracts to measure the level of crime [ 25 , 26 ] and the density of alcohol outlets [ 27 – 29 ], but this choice remains little discussed, despite being known to geographers to affect statistical analyses.…”

Section: Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, census tracts were used in previous studies on DV even though they may not be an adequate representation of neighborhood-level influences. The MAUP and UGCoP could also partly explain why the effect of certain factors, such as crime [ 25 , 26 ], has not yet been observed.…”

Section: Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations between neighborhood characteristics and dating violence: does spatial scale matter?

2022

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Background Dating violence (DV) is a public health problem that could have serious repercussions for the health and well-being of a large number of adolescents. Several neighborhood characteristics could influence these behaviors, but knowledge on such influences is still limited. This study aims at (1) evaluating the associations between neighborhood characteristics and DV, and (2) assessing how spatial scale influences the estimations of the latter associations. Methods The Québec Health Survey of High School Students (2016–2017) was used to describe DV. Neighborhoods were operationalized with polygon-based network buffers of varying sizes (ranging from 250 to 1000 m). Multiple data sources were used to describe neighborhood characteristics: crime rate, alcohol outlet density (on-premises and off-premises), walkability, greenness, green spaces density, and youth organizations density. Gendered-stratified logistic regressions were used for assessing the association between neighborhood characteristics and DV. Results For boys, off-premises alcohol outlet density (500 m) is associated with an increase in perpetrating psychological DV. Crime rate (500 m) is positively associated with physical or sexual DV perpetration, and crime rate (250 m) is positively associated with physical or sexual DV victimization. Greenness (1000 m) has a protective effect on psychological DV victimization. For girls, walkability (500 m to 1000 m) is associated with a decrease in perpetrating and experiencing psychological DV, and walkability (250 m) is negatively associated with physical or sexual DV victimization. Conclusions Several neighborhood characteristics are likely to influence DV, and their effects depend on the form of DV, gender, and spatial scale. Public policies should develop neighborhood-level interventions by improving neighborhood living conditions.

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