Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status and Cognitive Function in Women

Shih, Regina A.; Ghosh-Dastidar, Bonnie; Margolis, Karen L.; Slaughter, Mary Ellen; Jewell, Adria; Bird, Chloe E.; Eibner, Christine; Denburg, Natalie L.; Ockene, Judith K.; Messina, Catherine R.; Espeland, Mark A.

doi:10.2105/ajph.2011.300169

Cited by 79 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Living in a low-SES community is independently associated with cognitive impairment in an urban Asian society. Another study conducted in older US women supported the view that the socioeconomic status of a woman's neighborhood is associated with cognitive performance [8]. These studies point to additional factors, community effects, which should be drawn into any investigation of cognition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Social-Economic Status and Cognitive Performance among Chinese Aged 50 Years and Older

Guo

Zheng

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundNumerous population-based studies have suggested that socio-economic status (SES) is associated with cognitive performance, but few nationally representative epidemiological studies on cognitive performance with a large sample of older adults are available in China. And many studies explore the factors associated with cognitive performance, mainly focusing on individual level and more rarely on multiple levels that include the individual and community.MethodsThis study uses SAGE-China Wave 1 data which consisted of 13,157 adults aged 50 years and older to explore socioeconomic inequalities in the cognitive performance from a multilevel perspective (individual and community levels). The overall cognition score was based on the seven separate components of the cognition tests, including the four verbal recall trials, the verbal fluency test, the forward digit span test and the backward digit span test. Factor analysis was applied to evaluate and generate a single overall score. A two-level hierarchical linear model was used to evaluate the association between SES at these two levels and the overall cognition score adjusted for age, sex and marital status.ResultsAt individual level, years of education was significantly associated with overall cognition score for both urban and rural dwellers. At the community level, a positive association was obtained between median household income and median years of education and overall cognition score among urban participants.ConclusionA significant association between SES at both individual-level and community-level (only for urban area) and cognitive performance were found in this study of a national sample of 13,157 Chinese aged 50 years and older, even after adjusting for demographic characteristics. Identifying community-based SES variables that are associated with cognitive performance in the older population provides further evidence for the need to address community characteristics associated with deprivation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Social-Economic Status and Cognitive Performance among Chinese Aged 50 Years and Older

Guo

Zheng

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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“…Similarly, we added an indicator for NSES as relationships between NSES and health behaviors and cognitive function has been demonstrated [46,47]. We also ran an analysis in which we adjusted for incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) (defined as coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, or stroke); and another in which we implemented a 3-year lag time for onset of MCI or dementia to evaluate whether women with low 3MS scores at baseline were already progressing to the onset of MCI or probable dementia at the start of the study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between an inflammatory diet and global cognitive function and incident dementia in older women: The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study

Hayden

Beavers

Steck

et al. 2017

Alzheimer's & Dementia

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Introduction The Mediterranean and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diets have been associated with lower dementia risk. We evaluated dietary inflammatory potential in relation to mild cognitive impairment (MCI)/dementia risk. Methods Baseline food frequency questionnaires from n = 7085 women (aged 65–79 years) were used to calculate Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) scores that were categorized into four groups. Cognitive function was evaluated annually, and MCI and all-cause dementia cases were adjudicated centrally. Mixed effect models evaluated cognitive decline on over time; Cox models evaluated the risk of MCI or dementia across DII groups. Results Over an average of 9.7 years, there were 1081 incident cases of cognitive impairment. Higher DII scores were associated with greater cognitive decline and earlier onset of cognitive impairment. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) comparing lower (anti-inflammatory; group 1 referent) DII scores to the higher scores were group 2-HR: 1.01 (0.86–1.20); group 3-HR: 0.99 (0.82–1.18); and group 4-HR: 1.27 (1.06–1.52). Conclusions Diets with the highest pro-inflammatory potential were associated with higher risk of MCI or dementia.

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“…Seventy-six percent of samples were population-based or randomly sampled. Eleven 32,37,38,45,47,49–54 studies used the MMSE, five studies 9,17,35,40,43 used the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status, five used domain-specific cognitive measures, 39,42,44,48,51 and four used composite cognitive measures. 33,34,36,41 Eighty-four percent of studies used continuous measures of cognition instead of categorical/dichotomous measures, and ten studies used longitudinal cognitive measures.…”

Section: Evidence Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Neighborhood Environment and Cognition in Older Adults: A Systematic Review

Besser

McDonald

Song

et al. 2017

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

162

148

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Context Some evidence suggests that treating vascular risk factors and performing mentally stimulating activities may delay cognitive impairment onset in older adults. Exposure to a complex neighborhood environment may be one mechanism to help delay cognitive decline. Evidence acquisition PubMed, Web of Science, and ProQuest Dissertation and Theses Global database were systematically reviewed, identifying 25 studies published from February 1, 1989 to March 5, 2016 (data synthesized, May 3, 2015–October 7, 2016). The review restricted to quantitative studies focused on: (1) neighborhood social and built environment and cognition; and (2) community-dwelling adults aged ≥45 years. Evidence synthesis The majority of studies were cross-sectional, U.S.-based, and found at least one significant association. The diversity of measures and neighborhood definitions limited the synthesis of findings in many instances. Evidence was moderately strong for an association between neighborhood SES and cognition and modest for associations between neighborhood demographics, design, and destination accessibility and cognition. Most studies examining effect modification found significant associations, with some evidence for effect modification of the neighborhood SES–cognition association by individual-level SES. No studies had low risk of bias and many tested multiple associations that increased the chance of a statistically significant finding. Considering the studies to date, the evidence for an association between neighborhood characteristics and cognition is modest. Conclusions Future studies should include longitudinal measures of neighborhood characteristics and cognition, examine potential effect modifiers such as sex and disability, and study mediators that may help elucidate the biological mechanisms linking neighborhood environment and cognition.

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Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status and Cognitive Function in Women

Cited by 79 publications

References 63 publications

Social-Economic Status and Cognitive Performance among Chinese Aged 50 Years and Older

Social-Economic Status and Cognitive Performance among Chinese Aged 50 Years and Older

The association between an inflammatory diet and global cognitive function and incident dementia in older women: The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study

Neighborhood Environment and Cognition in Older Adults: A Systematic Review

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