Neighborhood SES and Cognitive Function Among Hispanic/Latinx Residents: Why Where You Live Matters

Mehdipanah, Roshanak; Briceño, Emily M.; Heeringa, Steven G.; Gonzales, Xavier; Levine, Deborah A.; Langa, Kenneth M.; Garcia, Nelda; Longoria, Ruth; Chang, Wen; Morgenstern, Lewis B.

doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.04.016

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Despite the rapid growth of the US Mexican American (MA) population, studies examining neighborhood disadvantaged and cognitive performance have primarily focused on non-Hispanic whites (NHWs), with few studies focusing on MAs [22,23]. Research has shown that Hispanics living in the most disadvantaged areas have worse cognitive performance than other Hispanics living in the least deprived neighborhoods, and NHWs living in similar disadvantaged conditions [24]. This gap must be addressed to develop prevention, care, and treatment interventions that focus on this underrepresented population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status with Executive Function and Processing Speed in Cognitively Normal Mexican American Elders from the Health and Aging Brains Study: Health Disparities Cohort

Vintimilla,

Benton,

Morakabian

et al. 2024

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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Introduction: Neighborhood socioeconomic status (NSES) has been linked with overall health, and this study will evaluate whether NSES is cross-sectionally associated with cognition in non-Hispanic Whites (NHW) and Mexican Americans (MA) from the Health and Aging Brain: Health Disparities Study (HABS-HD). Methods: The HABS-HD is a longitudinal study conducted at the University of North Texas Health Science Center. The final sample analyzed (n=1312) were 50 years or older, with unimpaired cognition, and underwent an interview, neuropsychological examination, imaging, and blood draw. NSES was measured using the national area deprivation index (ADI) percentile ranking, which considered socioeconomic variables. Executive function and processing speed were assessed by the trail making tests (A and B) and the digit-symbol substitution test, respectively. Linear regression was used to assess the association of ADI and cognitive measures. Results: MA were younger, more likely to be female, less educated, had higher ADI scores, performed worse on trails B (all p<0.05), and have lower prevalence of APOE4+ (p<0.001), when compared to NHW. A higher percentage of MA lived in the most deprived neighborhoods than NHW. For NHW, ADI did not predict trails B or DSS scores, after adjusting for demographic variables and APOE4. For MA, ADI predicted trails A, trails B, and DSS after adjusting for demographic covariates and APOE4 status. Conclusion: Our study revealed that living in an area of higher deprivation was associated with lower cognitive function in MA but not in NHW, which is important to consider in future interventions to slow cognitive decline.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status with Executive Function and Processing Speed in Cognitively Normal Mexican American Elders from the Health and Aging Brains Study: Health Disparities Cohort

Vintimilla,

Benton,

Morakabian

et al. 2024

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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“… 10 , 12 , 13 , 14 Moreover, most of those studies have operationalized childhood SEP exposure through the lens of parental educational level, occupation, and financial stability without consideration of the neighborhood context, which, when measured in adulthood, is known to be associated with cognitive function. 15 , 16 , 17 In this investigation, we used life course SEP measures combined with repeated assessments of cognitive function available from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study cohort 18 to examine the association of neighborhood SEP (nSEP), measured from childhood through midlife, with the rate of cognitive decline from midlife to older adulthood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Childhood and Midlife Neighborhood Socioeconomic Position With Cognitive Decline

et al. 2023

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ImportanceEarly-life socioeconomic adversity may be associated with poor cognitive health over the life course.ObjectiveTo examine the association of childhood and midlife neighborhood socioeconomic position (nSEP) with cognitive decline.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study included 5711 men and women enrolled in the community-based Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study with repeated cognitive data measured over a median 27.0 years (IQR, 26.0-27.9 years) (1990-2019). Statistical analysis was performed from December 2022 through March 2023.ExposureResidence addresses for ARIC Study cohort participants were obtained at midlife (1990-1993) and as recalled addresses at 10 years of age (childhood). A composite nSEP z score was created as a sum of z scores for US Census–based measures of median household income; median value of owner-occupied housing units; percentage of households receiving interest, dividend, or net rental income; percentage of adults with a high school degree; percentage of adults with a college degree; and percentage of adults in professional, managerial, or executive occupations. Childhood nSEP and midlife nSEP were modeled as continuous measures and discretized into tertiles.Main Outcomes and MeasuresA factor score for global cognition was derived from a battery of cognitive tests administered at 5 in-person visits from baseline to 2019. The rate of cognitive decline from 50 to 90 years of age was calculated by fitting mixed-effects linear regression models with age as the time scale and adjusted for race, sex, birth decade, educational level, and presence of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele.ResultsAmong 5711 ARIC Study participants (mean [SD] baseline age, 55.1 [4.7] years; 3372 women [59.0%]; and 1313 Black participants [23.0%]), the median rate of cognitive decline was −0.33 SDs (IQR, −0.49 to −0.20 SDs) per decade. In adjusted analyses, each 1-SD-higher childhood nSEP score was associated with a slower (β, −9.2%; 95% CI, −12.1% to −6.4%) rate of cognitive decline relative to the sample median. A comparable association was observed when comparing the highest tertile with the lowest tertile of childhood nSEP (β, −17.7%; 95% CI, −24.1% to −11.3%). Midlife nSEP was not associated with the rate of cognitive decline.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of contextual factors associated with cognitive decline, childhood nSEP was inversely associated with trajectories of cognitive function throughout adulthood.

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Dementia and cognitive impairment

Chong,

Tang

2023

Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences

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Neighborhood SES and Cognitive Function Among Hispanic/Latinx Residents: Why Where You Live Matters

Cited by 3 publications

References 34 publications

The Association of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status with Executive Function and Processing Speed in Cognitively Normal Mexican American Elders from the Health and Aging Brains Study: Health Disparities Cohort

The Association of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status with Executive Function and Processing Speed in Cognitively Normal Mexican American Elders from the Health and Aging Brains Study: Health Disparities Cohort

Association of Childhood and Midlife Neighborhood Socioeconomic Position With Cognitive Decline

Dementia and cognitive impairment

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