Neighborhood, School, and Family Effects on the Frequency of Alcohol Use Among Toronto Youth

Browning, Sarah

doi:10.3109/10826084.2011.625070

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(84 reference statements)

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“…While not predicted by collective efficacy theory (Sampson, 2012; Sampson et al, 1997), this finding has some prior support. For example, Browning (2012) reported that adolescent alcohol use was elevated in Toronto communities with greater levels of collective efficacy and lower levels of concentrated disadvantage, and Musick et al (2008) found that collective efficacy was related to greater frequency of youth tobacco use. It could be that if adults and other role models in a community are engaging in substance use themselves, or if they fail to strictly condemn substance use, substance use by youth would likely be elevated, especially if they feel closely connected to these individuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Protective Effects of Neighborhood Collective Efficacy on Adolescent Substance Use and Violence Following Exposure to Violence

Fagan

Wright

Pinchevsky

2013

J Youth Adolescence

141

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Research has demonstrated that exposure to violence can result in many negative consequences for youth, but the degree to which neighborhood conditions may foster resiliency among victims is not well understood. This study tests the hypothesis that neighborhood collective efficacy attenuates the relationship between adolescent exposure to violence, substance use, and violence. Data were collected from 1,661–1,718 adolescents participating in the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN), who were diverse in terms of sex (51% male, 49% female), race/ethnicity (48% Hispanic, 34% African American, 14% Caucasian, and 4% other race/ethnicity), and age (mean age 12 years; range: 8–16). Information on neighborhood collective efficacy was obtained from adult residents, and data from the 1990 U.S. Census were used to control for neighborhood disadvantage. Based on hierarchical modeling techniques to adjust for the clustered data, Bernoulli models indicated that more exposure to violence was associated with a greater likelihood of tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use and perpetration of violence. Poisson models suggested that victimization was also related to a greater variety of substance use and violent behaviors. A moderating effect of collective efficacy was found in models assessing the variety of substance use; the relationship between victimization and substance use was weaker for youth in neighborhoods with higher versus lower levels of collective efficacy. These findings are consistent with literature indicating that social support can ameliorate the negative impact of victimization. This investigation extends this research to show that neighborhood social support can also help to promote resiliency among adolescents.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Protective Effects of Neighborhood Collective Efficacy on Adolescent Substance Use and Violence Following Exposure to Violence

Fagan

Wright

Pinchevsky

2013

J Youth Adolescence

141

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“…Whereas some studies have examined effect modification by race/ethnicity (Browning, 2012; Choi et al, 2006; Fuller et al, 2005), we focus on modifiable factors that may serve an important role in helping adolescents overcome exposure to stressful environments. To our knowledge, only three longitudinal studies have examined interactions with modifiable factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual, peer, and family factor modification of neighborhood-level effects on adolescent alcohol, cigarette, e-cigarette, and marijuana use

Shih

Parast

Pedersen

et al. 2017

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background Neighborhood factors reported subjectively by residents and measured objectively at the census tract are both associated with adolescent alcohol, cigarette, electronic cigarette (e-cigarette), and marijuana (ATOD) use. Less clear is how these neighborhood factors are longitudinally associated with each substance. Equivocal findings may be due to lack of consideration of individual, peer, and family effect modifiers, which could help adolescents overcome exposure to stressful neighborhood environments. Methods We used multivariate logistic regressions with interaction terms to test whether parental monitoring, resistance self-efficacy (RSE) and being around peers who use ATOD modified the association between four subjective and objective neighborhood measures and odds of using each substance measured one year later among 2,539 high school students and college freshmen originally recruited from middle schools in Southern California. Results Census tract-level disadvantage was not longitudinally associated with ATOD use. However, perceptions of higher neighborhood disorganization, less social cohesion, and more neighborhood problems with alcohol and drug use were associated with higher odds of ATOD use. Higher RSE and weaker affiliations with peers who use ATOD consistently buffered negative effects of neighborhood disorganization and neighborhood problems with alcohol and drugs on past year ATOD use. Conclusions Community-level programs that increase social cohesion among neighbors, neighborhood monitoring of deviant behaviors, and better policing of open drug selling may prevent ATOD use. Programs should also target RSE and minimize affiliations with peers who use ATOD, which could reduce the magnitude of the association with ATOD, even for adolescents living in the most at-risk neighborhoods.

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“…Third, this is a cross-sectional analysis in which we did not control for potentially confounding variables. These variables might include individual (such as school failure, self-esteem), family (such as family conflict, parent connectedness) and neighborhood characteristics (such as alcohol or drug availability, poverty, neighborhood norms) known to be associated with substance use and sex [36,[40][41][42]. Likewise, this study cannot differentiate whether these contexts contribute to girls' behavior choices or whether girls engaging in particular behaviors seek different environments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Adolescent Health-Risk Behavior and Community Disorder

Wiehe¹,

Kwan²,

Wilson³

et al. 2015

Adolescent Mental Health

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Neighborhood, School, and Family Effects on the Frequency of Alcohol Use Among Toronto Youth

Cited by 16 publications

References 45 publications

The Protective Effects of Neighborhood Collective Efficacy on Adolescent Substance Use and Violence Following Exposure to Violence

The Protective Effects of Neighborhood Collective Efficacy on Adolescent Substance Use and Violence Following Exposure to Violence

Individual, peer, and family factor modification of neighborhood-level effects on adolescent alcohol, cigarette, e-cigarette, and marijuana use

Adolescent Health-Risk Behavior and Community Disorder

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