Neighborhood Poverty and Allostatic Load in African American Youth

Brody, Gene H.; Lei, Man‐Kit; Chen, Eric; Miller, Gregory E.

doi:10.1542/peds.2014-1395

Cited by 91 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In the current report, we examined a combination of psychological, affective, and behavioral pathways that link neighborhood SES with allostatic load. First, our results replicate those of others (Bird et al, 2010; Brody et al, 2014; Merkin et al, 2009; Schulz et al, 2013; Theall et al, 2012), indicating that allostatic load is higher in low income neighborhoods. Second, our results indicated that symptoms of anxious arousal, exercise habits, smoking, and the consumption of fast food partially accounted for this relation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Allostatic load, a measure posited to capture the cumulative effects of wear-and-tear on physiological regulatory systems, has been found to be elevated in those living in low income neighborhoods (Bird et al, 2010; Brody et al, 2014; Merkin et al, 2009; Schulz et al, 2013; Theall et al, 2012). Researchers have examined single factors, such as neighborhood cohesion (Rios et al, 2012) and crime rates (Schulz et al, 2012; Theall et al, 2012), that may explain this relation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Examining allostatic load in the context of neighborhood SES has the potential for identifying individuals at the greatest risk for later health problems, and therefore early detection and intervention. Indeed, a few studies have linked higher neighborhood SES with lower allostatic load (Bird et al, 2010; Brody, Lei, Chen, & Miller, 2014; Merkin et al, 2009; Theall, Drury, & Shirtcliff, 2012) and similar measures of cumulative physiological risk (Schulz et al, 2013), even after adjusting for individual SES.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neighborhood features and physiological risk: An examination of allostatic load

et al. 2016

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Poor neighborhoods may represent a situation of chronic stress, and may therefore be associated with health-related correlates of stress. We examined whether lower neighborhood income would relate to higher allostatic load, or physiological well-being, through psychological, affective, and behavioral pathways. Using data from the Biomarker Project of the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study and the 2000 Census, we demonstrated that people living in lower income neighborhoods have higher allostatic load net of individual income. Moreover, findings indicate that this relation is partially accounted for by anxious arousal symptoms, fast food consumption, smoking, and exercise habits.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neighborhood features and physiological risk: An examination of allostatic load

et al. 2016

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“…33,34 Previous studies have reported the negative impact of neighborhood violent crime rate and neighborhood economic disadvantage on pregnancy, breastfeeding, and childhood outcomes, including allostatic load, which is the ''wear and tear'' on the body, potentially leading to increased cardiometabolic risk, in response to chronic actual or perceived stress. 18,28,29,35 While allostatic load has not been directly linked to lactation to our knowledge, it may provide a mechanistic link between neighborhood structural factors and lactation outcomes. Burdette reported an association between neighborhood economic deprivation and lower odds of initiation but not duration of breastfeeding, even after accounting for individual socioeconomic factors in a longitudinal lowincome non-NICU birth cohort.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers to Human Milk Feeding at Discharge of Very Low–Birthweight Infants: Evaluation of Neighborhood Structural Factors

Riley

Schoeny

Rogers

et al. 2016

Breastfeeding Medicine

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Background: Although 98% of mothers in our cohort initiated human milk (HM) provision for their very lowbirthweight (VLBW) infants, fewer black infants received HM at neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) discharge than non-black infants. This study examined neighborhood structural factors associated with HM feeding at discharge to identify potential barriers. Materials and Methods: Sociodemographic and HM data were prospectively collected for 410 VLBW infants and mothers. Geocoded addresses were linked to neighborhood structural factors. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted for the entire cohort and racial/ethnic subgroups. Results: HM feeding at discharge was positively correlated with further distance from Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) office, less violent crime, less poverty, greater maternal education, older maternal age, greater infant gestational age, and shorter NICU hospitalization. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that only maternal race/ethnicity, WIC eligibility, and length of NICU hospitalization predicted HM feeding at discharge for the entire cohort. The interaction between access to a car and race/ethnicity significantly differed between black and white/Asian mothers, although the predicted probability of HM feeding at discharge was not significantly affected by access to a car for any racial/ethnic subgroup. Conclusions: Neighborhood structural factors did not significantly impact HM feeding at discharge. However, lack of access to a car may be a factor for black mothers, potentially representing restricted HM delivery to the NICU or limited social support, and warrants further study.

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“…Disadvantaged families experience higher chronic psychosocial stress and daily hassles; individual and neighborhood-level deprivation have been associated with significantly higher biomarkers of metabolic dysregulation, inflammation and oxidative stress [163][164][165][166][167][168][169][170][171]. Even if the sugary Astrofood breakfast were given to all students-affluent and low-income-the postprandial responses over time would likely differ.…”

Section: Disadvantage Compoundedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Astrofood, Priorities and Pandemics: Reflections of an Ultra-Processed Breakfast Program and Contemporary Dysbiotic Drift

Logan

Prescott

2017

Challenges

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Abstract:Recognizing the importance of nutrition as part of the grand challenges faced by humanity-the current epidemic of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), sustainability and maintenance of Planetary Health-the United Nations (UN) has declared 2016-2025 the Decade of Nutrition. Research continues to underscore the extent to which ultra-processed foods dominate the contemporary nutritional landscape. Moreover, the dual role played by food technology and marketing in the expansion of ultra-processed foods is under increased scrutiny. As public health experts and clinicians contend with a crisis of NCDs, attempting to untangle a knotted assortment of interrelated strands of causation, an examination of the early origins of highly-marketed ultra-processed foods can provide valuable lessons. Here, we illuminate a little-known piece of history in the annals of ultra-processed nutritional science and childhood welfare. Astrofood was a commercially-marketed, collaborative government-industry effort that brought soy protein-enriched Twinkies as a nutritive breakfast cake to disadvantaged children; its concept and delivery demonstrated an unwillingness to deal with root-cause challenges. Although its official tenure was only about 7 years, we argue that Astrofood and its total food engineering still resonate throughout the global ultra-processed nutritional landscape. New scientific advances in nutritional psychiatry and the microbiome are on a collision course with the profits, marketing and intellectual dishonesty of the ultra-processed food industry. Solutions to the grand challenges of the Decade of Nutrition may be found in lessons from Astrofood. They provide clues to undoing the tangled knots which otherwise maintain an untenable status quo.

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Neighborhood Poverty and Allostatic Load in African American Youth

Cited by 91 publications

References 38 publications

Neighborhood features and physiological risk: An examination of allostatic load

Neighborhood features and physiological risk: An examination of allostatic load

Barriers to Human Milk Feeding at Discharge of Very Low–Birthweight Infants: Evaluation of Neighborhood Structural Factors

Astrofood, Priorities and Pandemics: Reflections of an Ultra-Processed Breakfast Program and Contemporary Dysbiotic Drift

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