Neighborhood Integration and Connectivity Predict Cognitive Performance and Decline

Watts, Amber; Ferdous, Farhana; Moore, Keith Diaz; Burns, Jeffrey M.

doi:10.1177/2333721415599141

Cited by 38 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…The complexity of built environmental features in relation to cognition in later life has been reported in recent epidemiologic studies,20, 21 as well as in an earlier analysis using a follow-up investigation of the Medical Research Council Cognitive Function and Ageing Study (MRC CFAS) 22 . Based on 2,424 people aged ≥74 years across England in 2001, this earlier report suggests potential non-linear associations between cognitive impairment and features of land use, including natural environment availability and land use mix 22 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

The Built Environment and Cognitive Disorders: Results From the Cognitive Function and Ageing Study II

Prina

Jones

et al. 2017

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

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IntroductionBuilt environment features have been related to behavior modification and might stimulate cognitive activity with a potential impact on cognitive health in later life. This study investigated cross-sectional associations between features of land use and cognitive impairment and dementia, and also explored urban and rural differences in these associations.MethodsPostcodes of the 7,505 community-based participants (aged ≥65 years) in the Cognitive Function and Ageing Study II (collected in 2008–2011) were linked to environmental data from government statistics. Multilevel logistic regression investigated associations between cognitive impairment (defined as Mini-Mental State Examination score ≤25) and dementia (Geriatric Mental Status and Automatic Geriatric Examination for Computer-Assisted Taxonomy organicity level ≥3) and land use features, including natural environment availability and land use mix, fitting interaction terms with three rural/urban categories. Data were analyzed in 2015.ResultsAssociations between features of land use and cognitive impairment were not linear. After adjusting for individual-level factors and area deprivation, living in areas with high land use mix was associated with a nearly 30% decreased odds of cognitive impairment (OR=0.72, 95% CI=0.58, 0.89). This was similar, yet non-significant, for dementia (OR=0.70, 95% CI=0.46, 1.06). In conurbations, living in areas with high natural environment availability was associated with 30% reduced odds of cognitive impairment (OR=0.70, 95% CI=0.50, 0.97).ConclusionsNon-linear associations between features of land use and cognitive impairment were confirmed in this new cohort of older people in England. Both lack of and overload of environmental stimulation may be detrimental to cognition in later life.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

The Built Environment and Cognitive Disorders: Results From the Cognitive Function and Ageing Study II

Prina

Jones

et al. 2017

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

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“…Seventy-six percent of samples were population-based or randomly sampled. Eleven 32,37,38,45,47,49–54 studies used the MMSE, five studies 9,17,35,40,43 used the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status, five used domain-specific cognitive measures, 39,42,44,48,51 and four used composite cognitive measures. 33,34,36,41 Eighty-four percent of studies used continuous measures of cognition instead of categorical/dichotomous measures, and ten studies used longitudinal cognitive measures.…”

Section: Evidence Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…33,34,36,41 Eighty-four percent of studies used continuous measures of cognition instead of categorical/dichotomous measures, and ten studies used longitudinal cognitive measures. 33,36,40,43–47,51,52 …”

Section: Evidence Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Six studies examined neighborhood BE and cognition, 35,36,43,51,53,54 using a wide variety of neighborhood definitions (i.e., city block, U.S. Census tract, U.S. Census block group, perceived neighborhood, 0.5-mile radius around home, UK Lower-layer Super Output Area), and data sources (i.e., block observations, city-based geographic data, audit, participant report, U.S. Census, map data, UK neighborhood statistics).…”

Section: Evidence Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neighborhood Environment and Cognition in Older Adults: A Systematic Review

Besser

McDonald

Song

et al. 2017

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

162

148

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Context Some evidence suggests that treating vascular risk factors and performing mentally stimulating activities may delay cognitive impairment onset in older adults. Exposure to a complex neighborhood environment may be one mechanism to help delay cognitive decline. Evidence acquisition PubMed, Web of Science, and ProQuest Dissertation and Theses Global database were systematically reviewed, identifying 25 studies published from February 1, 1989 to March 5, 2016 (data synthesized, May 3, 2015–October 7, 2016). The review restricted to quantitative studies focused on: (1) neighborhood social and built environment and cognition; and (2) community-dwelling adults aged ≥45 years. Evidence synthesis The majority of studies were cross-sectional, U.S.-based, and found at least one significant association. The diversity of measures and neighborhood definitions limited the synthesis of findings in many instances. Evidence was moderately strong for an association between neighborhood SES and cognition and modest for associations between neighborhood demographics, design, and destination accessibility and cognition. Most studies examining effect modification found significant associations, with some evidence for effect modification of the neighborhood SES–cognition association by individual-level SES. No studies had low risk of bias and many tested multiple associations that increased the chance of a statistically significant finding. Considering the studies to date, the evidence for an association between neighborhood characteristics and cognition is modest. Conclusions Future studies should include longitudinal measures of neighborhood characteristics and cognition, examine potential effect modifiers such as sex and disability, and study mediators that may help elucidate the biological mechanisms linking neighborhood environment and cognition.

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“…Recently researchers have approached to examine not only influence of factors such as gender, age or level of education, but also have aimed to include the effect of neighborhood environment and lifestyle on cognitive functioning and decline of cognitive functions, or well-being and health in later life in the picture (Besser, McDonald, Song, Kukull, & Rodriguez, 2017;Cassarino, O'Sullivan, Kenny, & Setti, 2016; Weuve, Barnes, Evans, & Mendes de Leon, 2015;Eibich, Krekel, Demuth, & Wagner, 2016;Lee & Waite, 2017;Saenz, Downer, Garcia, & Wong, 2017;Watts, Ferdous, Diaz Moore, & Burns, 2015;Wörn, Ellwardt, Aartsen, & Huisman, 2017;Wu et al, 2017). Schooler (1984) presented a theory of environmental influences on cognitive functions, which may be applied in the case of busy nature of urban areas that makes city residents learn quicker pace in solving tasks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perception Of Life Pace In The City And Countryside Among Older People

Frydrychová¹,

Horáková²,

Vidovičová³

et al. 2017

European Proceedings of Social and Behavioural Sciences

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Life pace in cities is often commented as very busy especially by people from smaller settlements. It is not clear whether this proverbial image, a stereotype, is based on prevalent subjective views in the elderly. The purpose of this study is to examine the occurrence of stereotypes of hectic city and tranquil countryside in older persons. The sample consisted of 131 retired healthy older persons of 60-74 years of age (M=68.47, SD=3.71) with the same place of residence in the capital city of Prague, mid-sized towns or villages of the Czech Republic since their age of 40 years. The participants underwent a structured interview and evaluated life pace on 4-point scale. Data were analyzed with non-parametric methods. Our results suggest that older persons regardless their place of residence consider Prague more hectic compared to towns and countryside. Non-Praguers, especially the ones with lower education, perceive Prague significantly more hectic compared to persons living in the capital itself. Recent visitors to Prague perceive the capital as more hectic than visitors with a further off experience.Our results are in accord with the proverbial stereotypes of the pace of life in different types of settlement. As time pressure and busy environment, hectic "nature" may in long-term affect individual emotional and cognitive development even in late adulthood, these influences and their impacts need to be yet researched more in detail.

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Neighborhood Integration and Connectivity Predict Cognitive Performance and Decline

Cited by 38 publications

References 50 publications

The Built Environment and Cognitive Disorders: Results From the Cognitive Function and Ageing Study II

The Built Environment and Cognitive Disorders: Results From the Cognitive Function and Ageing Study II

Neighborhood Environment and Cognition in Older Adults: A Systematic Review

Perception Of Life Pace In The City And Countryside Among Older People

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