“…In the first case, all-cause mortality rates, including its spatial and temporal variability have been measured, using different levels of granularity [11,12,13,14,15]. Contrarily, several cause-specific mortality models have been developed for diseases such as cancer, diabetes, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disease, hepatitis C and HIV/AIDS [16,12,15,17,18,19,20,21,22,6,23,24]. As an example of this approach, Dwyer-Lindgren et al (2017), studied the variations in life expectancy, mortality rates and years of life lost from 152 causes of death at the county and neighbourhood levels by age group and sex.…”