Neighborhood ethnic density and self-rated health: Investigating the mechanisms through social capital and health behaviors

Yang, Tse Chuan; Lei, Lei; Kurtulus, Aysenur

doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2018.08.011

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(79 reference statements)

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“…Recent investigations have demonstrated how living in areas with higher proportions of people of the same ethnicity has also been shown to promote health and well-being – a concept termed the ‘ethnic density effect’ ( Becares et al, 2018 ; Shaw et al, 2012 ; Walton, 2009 ). The specific mechanisms linking ethnic density with health are under-explored and may include effects on social capital and health behaviors ( Yang et al, 2018 ). Among Asian and Latinx Americans in particular, living in ethnically dense areas is thought to translate into greater access to culture- and language-specific education and health resources ( Walton, 2012 ; Whitley et al, 2006 ), and social resources ( Das-Munshi et al, 2010 ) that individuals may draw upon to maintain good health, although the effects often vary among and within ethnic groups ( Hong et al, 2014 ; Walton, 2015 ; Yang et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The specific mechanisms linking ethnic density with health are under-explored and may include effects on social capital and health behaviors ( Yang et al, 2018 ). Among Asian and Latinx Americans in particular, living in ethnically dense areas is thought to translate into greater access to culture- and language-specific education and health resources ( Walton, 2012 ; Whitley et al, 2006 ), and social resources ( Das-Munshi et al, 2010 ) that individuals may draw upon to maintain good health, although the effects often vary among and within ethnic groups ( Hong et al, 2014 ; Walton, 2015 ; Yang et al, 2018 ). The current study resolves some of these tensions with our examination of the ways ethnic density relates to the mechanisms of family/friend support and loneliness among Chinese immigrants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ethnic density, social support, and loneliness among Chinese immigrants in Philadelphia

Tseng

Walton

Handorf

et al. 2021

Wellbeing, Space and Society

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Living in more ‘ethnically dense’ areas is thought to promote health, possibly by facilitating social support and a sense of belonging. Because of kin networks and cultural obligations, family relationships may be particularly important for Asian immigrants. Chinese-origin individuals are the largest group of Asian Americans and among the most highly segregated, but the psychosocial benefits of living in Chinese neighborhoods are not established. We examined whether Chinese immigrants in areas of higher ethnic density report more social support from family and friends, and less loneliness. For 606 participants recruited 1/2016–5/2019 throughout the Philadelphia region, residences were linked to American Community Survey 2013–2017 data. Ethnic density, operationalized as percent of Census tract residents who were Chinese, was categorized into quintiles. Family/friend support and loneliness were self-reported, then dichotomized to distinguish high levels of family support, friend support, and loneliness. In logistic regression adjusting for age, sex, and individual- and tract-level socioeconomic characteristics, ethnic density was associated with high family support (odds ratio (OR) 1.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09, 3.11) for highest vs. lowest ethnic density quintile)) and inversely associated with loneliness (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.12, 0.79, highest vs. lowest quintile). Our findings support the hypothesis that residents of areas with higher ethnic density report more social support from family and less loneliness. Whether these benefits arise from characteristics of the community overall or from the aggregation of individual assets remains to be clarified but has implications for efforts to develop community resources that would benefit all their residents.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnic density, social support, and loneliness among Chinese immigrants in Philadelphia

Tseng

Walton

Handorf

et al. 2021

Wellbeing, Space and Society

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“…Much like income inequality, low ethnic density creates a feeling of discrepancy, imposing roadblocks toward building social capital. Indeed, low ethnic density has been long proposed as a harmful influence for building social capital, which has in turn been linked to adverse physical and mental health outcomes (Eliacin, 2013;Yang, Lei, & Kurtulus, 2018). Low ethnic density has also been shown to deeply impact sense of belonging and community, which was related to psychiatric disorder incidence (Emerson, Minh, & Guhn, 2018;Finney & Jivraj, 2013;Pan & Carpiano, 2013).…”

Section: Discrepancy Intermediary Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic stress, structural exposures and neurobiological mechanisms: A stimulation, discrepancy and deprivation model of psychosis

Vargas

Conley

Mittal

2020

International Review of Neurobiology

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Chronic stress exposure has been established as a key vulnerability factor for developing psychotic disorders, including schizophrenia. A structural, or systems level perspective, has often been lacking in conceptualizations of chronic stress for psychotic disorders. The current review thus identified three subtypes of structural exposures. Stimulation exposures included urban environments, population density and crime exposure, with intermediary mechanisms of lack of safety and high attentional demands. Underlying neural mechanisms included threat neural circuits. Discrepancy exposures included environmental ethnic density, income inequality, and social fragmentation, with intermediary mechanisms of lack of belonging and social exclusion, and neural mechanisms including the oxytocin system. Deprivation exposures included environments lacking socioeconomic, educational, or material resources, with intermediary mechanisms of lack of needed environmental enrichment, and underlying neural mechanisms of over-pruning and protracted PFC development. Delineating stressor etiology at the systems level is a necessary step in reducing barriers to effective interventions and health policy.

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“…The stimulation domain includes crime exposure at the neighborhood level 26 , along with population density 27,28 , with intermediary mechanisms of lack of safety 28,29 and high attentional demands 30,31 . The discrepancy domain, on the other hand, includes environmental and cultural characteristics conferring a lack of belonging and social exclusion [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] . Lastly, the deprivation domain constitutes environments lacking socioeconomic, educational, or material resources [40][41][42][43] , with intermediary mechanisms of lack of necessary environmental enrichment 44,45 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentiating Kinds of Systemic Stressors With Relation to Psychotic-Like Experiences in Late Childhood and Early Adolescence: The Stimulation, Discrepancy, and Deprivation Model of Psychosis

Vargas¹,

Damme²,

Osborne³

et al. 2021

Clinical Psychological Science

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Conceptualizations that distinguish systems-level stress exposures are lacking; the stimulation (lack of safety and high attentional demands), discrepancy (social exclusion and lack of belonging), and deprivation (SDD; lack of environmental enrichment) theory of psychosis and stressors occurring at the systems level has not been directly tested. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted on 3,207 youths, and associations with psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) were explored. Although model fit was suboptimal, five factors were defined, and four were consistent with the SDD theory and related to PLEs. Objective and subjective or self-report exposures for deprivation showed significantly stronger PLE associations compared with discrepancy and objective stimulation factors. Objective and subjective or self-report measures converged overall, although self-report stimulation exhibited a significantly stronger association with PLEs compared with objective stimulation. Considering distinct systems-level exposures could help clarify putative mechanisms and psychosis vulnerability. The preliminary approach potentially informs health policy efforts aimed at psychopathology prevention and intervention.

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Neighborhood ethnic density and self-rated health: Investigating the mechanisms through social capital and health behaviors

Cited by 15 publications

References 65 publications

Ethnic density, social support, and loneliness among Chinese immigrants in Philadelphia

Ethnic density, social support, and loneliness among Chinese immigrants in Philadelphia

Chronic stress, structural exposures and neurobiological mechanisms: A stimulation, discrepancy and deprivation model of psychosis

Differentiating Kinds of Systemic Stressors With Relation to Psychotic-Like Experiences in Late Childhood and Early Adolescence: The Stimulation, Discrepancy, and Deprivation Model of Psychosis

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