Neighborhood Disorder and Individual Community Capacity: How Incivilities Inform Three Domains of Psychosocial Assessment

Price‐Spratlen, Townsand; Santoro, Wayne A.

doi:10.1080/02732173.2011.589785

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In theory, social incivilities suggest to legitimate visitors of a setting that reputable locals such as residents or the police are not really in control of an area, leaving it open to unlawful acts (Wilson & Kelling, 1982). Social incivilities that have been found to inspire fear include inebriated individuals, disreputable looking individuals, individuals sleeping on public benches, or groups of youth loitering in public (Brown, Werner, Amburgey, & Szalay, 2007; LaGrange, Ferraro, & Supancic, 1992; Price-Spratlen & Santoro, 2011; Robinson et al, 2003).…”

Section: Cues That Evoke Fear Of Crimementioning

confidence: 99%

Fear Perceptions in Public Parks

Jorgensen

Ellis

Ruddell

2012

Environment and Behavior

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This research examined the effect of concealment (environmental cues), presence or absence of people recreating (social cues), and gender on individuals’ fear of crime in a community park setting. Using a 7-point single-item indicator, 732 participants from two samples (540 park visitors and 192 college students) rated their estimates of fear of crime to 24 photographic representations of a community park. All three, two-factor interaction effects were significant in the park visitor sample, but in the student sample, only the Presence of People Recreating × Gender effect was significant. These results suggest that social and environmental cues may jointly affect fear experiences and that the presence of other people recreating in a park environment and the gender of an individual may influence fear of crime when recreating alone in a park setting. Implications include design and management techniques that promote safe park environments.

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Section: Cues That Evoke Fear Of Crimementioning

confidence: 99%

Fear Perceptions in Public Parks

Jorgensen

Ellis

Ruddell

2012

Environment and Behavior

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“…For example, youth who develop a sense that the world is unpredictable and generally unsafe will internalize this outlook and act accordingly. Further, it has been found that such feelings and perceptions occur more often among youth in poor urban environments with attributes associated with neighborhood disorganization (Austin, Furr, & Spine, 2002; Brunton-Smith, 2011; Brunton-Smith, & Sturgis, 2011; Osofsky, 1995; Overstreet, 2000; Price-Spratlen, 2011). Although the contribution of neighborhood determinants of perceived risk for victimization has emerged as a common theme among related literature, evidence supporting this connection is limited and variable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neighborhood crime and perception of safety as predictors of victimization and offending among youth: A call for macro-level prevention and intervention models

Hartinger-Saunders¹,

Rine²,

Nochajski³

et al. 2012

Children and Youth Services Review

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This paper is one of two in a series that reports detailed findings from a larger study that simultaneously explored individual, family and neighborhood level predictors of victimization and offending among youth. The current analysis aims to identify which neighborhood level factors have better predictive power with regard to type of victimization (direct and vicarious measures) and total offending overtime (Wave 1 and Wave 2). Methods: Path analysis was conducted using data from a multi-wave, panel study (N=625) of youth ages 16–19 at Wave 1. A best fitting model was determined showing causal pathways from neighborhood level factors including crime and perception of safety, to direct and vicarious victimization through exposure to violence, and subsequent offending. Findings: Neighborhood crime significantly predicted property victimization. Neighborhood crime and perception of safety significantly predicted vicarious victimization by exposure to violence in the neighborhood. Neighborhood crime and perception of safety were significantly associated with Wave 1 offending. Findings highlight the need for professionals who work with youth to be cognizant of how their environments influence their lives. Prevention and intervention models seeking to create sustainable change among youth should consider mezzo and macro level components that build and strengthen neighborhood capacity through community partnerships.

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“…So, Wilson (1975) gives some examples of physical incivilities: abandoned housing, graffiti, litter, abandoned cars, vacant trash-filled lots, unkempt greenery or housing exteriors. Price-Spratlen & Santoro, 2011;Robinson et al, 2003). This means that there is a strong connection in public awareness between the aforementioned behaviours and their manifestations (vandalism, litter) with specific people and social groups such as disorderly youths (Fisher & May, 2009), drunks (Lindgren & Nilsen, 2012) or homeless people living in the park (Jorgensen, Hitchmough, & Dunnett, 2007).…”

Section: The Relationship Between the Number Of People And Their Dist...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Surveillance as a variable explaining why other people’s presence in a park setting affects sense of safety and preferences

Lis,

Karolina

2024

Landsc. Online

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Research on preferences towards urban parks very rarely takes into account the impact of other people’s presence in a park setting. We examined how the number of people in the vicinity and their distance affect sense of safety and preferences towards park space, and what role surveillance (being seen or heard) plays in these relationships. We analysed the correlations between the variables and the mediating effects. For this purpose, we employed a within-subjects design in which 194 participants evaluated a set of 112 eye-level photographs of park landscapes with regard to perceived safety, landscape preference and surveillance. We calculated how many people were in the field and determined their distance on the basis of photos. We analysed a number of mediation models testing hypotheses about the mediating role of surveillance and safety in the impact of other people’s presence on safety and preferences. Most of the hypotheses presented, and verified by the analysis of indirect effects, were confirmed. The number of people does not affect preferences, but does affect safety, and this explains why the sense of being monitored (being seen or heard) grows along with the number of people present. On the other hand, the influence of distance on preferences is explained by a sequential model — greater distance is associated with less surveillance; in turn, surveillance increases sense of safety, which also leads to stronger preferences.

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Neighborhood Disorder and Individual Community Capacity: How Incivilities Inform Three Domains of Psychosocial Assessment

Cited by 11 publications

References 37 publications

Fear Perceptions in Public Parks

Fear Perceptions in Public Parks

Neighborhood crime and perception of safety as predictors of victimization and offending among youth: A call for macro-level prevention and intervention models

Surveillance as a variable explaining why other people’s presence in a park setting affects sense of safety and preferences

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