Neighborhood differences in social capital: a compositional artifact or a contextual construct?

Subramanian, S. V.; Lochner, Kimberly A.; Kawachi, Ichiro

doi:10.1016/s1353-8292(02)00028-x

Cited by 271 publications

(208 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…25 This may be due to a community-level contextual effect that is distinct from individual-level effects. 26 Alternatively, prior studies may be capturing heterogeneity in community-level characteristics that has been induced by social inequity caused by residential racial segregation, and this may have confounded associations between community characteristics and blood pressure. While it would be ideal to address potential confounding at the neighborhood-level, the present study cannot address community-level effects and future studies will be impeded by the extremely small numbers of racially integrated communities in the USA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community Characteristics are Associated with Blood Pressure Levels in a Racially Integrated Community

Samuel

Thorpe²,

Bower³

et al. 2015

J Urban Health

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Community problems have been associated with higher, and community resources and social cohesion with lower, blood pressure. However, prior studies have not accounted for potential confounding by residential racial segregation. This study tested associations between community characteristics and blood pressure levels and prevalent hypertension in a racially integrated community. The Exploring Health Disparities in Integrated Communities Study measured blood pressure in residents of two contiguous racially integrated and low-income US Census Tracts. Community characteristics included a standardized community problem score and binary indicators for community social cohesion, having a community leader available, and having at least one community resource observed on the participant's block. In adjusted models, greater community problems and proximity to resources were associated with lower systolic (β=−2.020, p=0.028; β=−4.132, p=0.010) and diastolic (β=−1.261, p=0.038; β=−2.290, 0.031) blood pressure, respectively, among whites (n=548). Social cohesion was associated with higher systolic (β=4.905, p=0.009) and diastolic blood pressure (β=3.379, p=0.008) among African Americans (n=777). In one racially integrated lowincome community, community characteristics were associated with blood pressure levels, and associations differed by race. Directions of associations for two findings differed from prior studies; greater community problem was associated with lower blood pressure in whites and community social cohesion was associated with higher blood pressure in African Americans. These findings may be due to exposure to adverse environmental conditions and hypertensive risk factors in this low-income community.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community Characteristics are Associated with Blood Pressure Levels in a Racially Integrated Community

Samuel

Thorpe²,

Bower³

et al. 2015

J Urban Health

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“…Furthermore, neighborhoods with greater social capital potentially have greater involvement with social networks, community activities, and social engagement (26). Individuals in those neighborhoods may be more able to secure healthpromoting resources (27,28), which may include safe walking paths with good lighting and even surfaces, and this may reduce the likelihood of traumatic injury to the knees or hips related to falls, high-impact forces, or malalignment of the joint during uneven or altered biomechanical loading (29). Trauma to joints increases the likelihood of developing bone marrow lesions, a factor well documented as being associated with pain in those with osteoarthritis (30).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 1 shows the proportion of respondents who reported experiencing arthritis as a chronic condition. The overall rate of reported arthritis was 23.3% (95% CI 22.4 -24.1), and the rates were highest for women (27 Table 2 shows the multilevel association between individual-and household-level sociodemographic factors and neighborhood disadvantage and the likelihood of reporting arthritis. The results for the null model (model 1) show that the probability of reporting arthritis differed significantly across the neighborhoods (P Յ 0.001).…”

Section: Brennan and Turrellmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neighborhood disadvantage, individual‐level socioeconomic position, and self‐reported chronic arthritis: A cross‐sectional multilevel study

Brennan¹,

Turrell²

2012

Arthritis Care & Research

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Objective. To examine the association between individual-and neighborhood-level disadvantage and self-reported arthritis. Methods. We used data from a population-based cross-sectional study conducted in 2007 among 10,757 men and women ages 40 -65 years, selected from 200 neighborhoods in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia using a stratified 2-stage cluster design. Data were collected using a mail survey (68.5% response). Neighborhood disadvantage was measured using a census-based composite index, and individual disadvantage was measured using self-reported education, household income, and occupation. Arthritis was indicated by self-report. Data were analyzed using multilevel modeling. Results. The overall rate of self-reported arthritis was 23% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 22-24). After adjustment for sociodemographic factors, arthritis prevalence was greatest for women (odds ratio [OR] 1.5, 95% CI 1.4 -1.7) and in those ages 60 -65 years (OR 4.4, 95% CI 3.7-5.2), those with a diploma/associate diploma (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1-1.6), those who were permanently unable to work (OR 4.0, 95% CI 3.1-5.3), and those with a household income <$25,999 (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.7-2.6). Independent of individual-level factors, residents of the most disadvantaged neighborhoods were 42% (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.2-1.7) more likely than those in the least disadvantaged neighborhoods to self-report arthritis. Cross-level interactions between neighborhood disadvantage and education, occupation, and household income were not significant. Conclusion. Arthritis prevalence is greater in more socially disadvantaged neighborhoods. These are the first multilevel data to examine the relationship between individual-and neighborhood-level disadvantage upon arthritis and have important implications for policy, health promotion, and other intervention strategies designed to reduce the rates of arthritis, indicating that intervention efforts may need to focus on both people and places.

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“…However, the findings reported here -that perceived neighborhood cohesion predicts daily outcomes even after adjusting for other forms of social support -reduced concern that these self-report measures reflect an overarching report bias. In fact, the current study adjusted for several of the important individual-level factors (i.e., age, sex, and education) that have been proposed to confound selfreports of neighborhood cohesion (Subramanian et al, 2003). Nonetheless, future research should attempt to replicate the current findings using a more comprehensive and objective assessment of neighborhood cohesion and health indicators ascertained from objective indicators.…”

Section: Context or Composition? Contributions Of Neighborhood And Inmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Researchers often question whether health is uniquely related to a neighborhood's features per se or whether characteristics of its residents drive associations with various health outcomes (Subramanian, Lochner, & Kawachi, 2003). This question is germane to a study examining individual-neighborhood interactions on allostatic load.…”

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Neighborhoods and Health

Kawachi

Berkman

2003

680

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Do places make a difference to people's health and well-being? This book demonstrates how the physical and social characteristics of a neighborhood can shape the health of its residents. Researchers have long suspected that where one lives makes a difference to health in addition to who one is. Almost everyone understands that smoking, unhealthy eating, lack of exercise can compromise longevity and good health, but can a person's ability to maintain a healthy lifestyle be affected by the smoking habits of other people close by, or access to grocery stores, or the existence of safe parks and recreational space? The answers to this question and other similar ones require new ways of thinking about the determinants of health as well as new analytical methods to test these ideas. This book brings together these ideas and new methods. The book contains various parts. The first part deals with methodological complexities of undertaking neighborhood research. The second part showcases the empirical evidence linking neighborhood conditions to health outcomes. The last part tackles some of the major cross-cutting themes in contemporary neighborhood research.

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Neighborhood differences in social capital: a compositional artifact or a contextual construct?

Cited by 271 publications

References 26 publications

Community Characteristics are Associated with Blood Pressure Levels in a Racially Integrated Community

Community Characteristics are Associated with Blood Pressure Levels in a Racially Integrated Community

Neighborhood disadvantage, individual‐level socioeconomic position, and self‐reported chronic arthritis: A cross‐sectional multilevel study

Neighborhoods and Health

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