Neighborhood Deprivation Affects Children's Mental Health: Environmental Risks Identified in a Genetic Design

Caspi, Avshalom; Taylor, Alan; Moffitt, Terrie E.; Plomin, Robert

doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00267

Cited by 242 publications

(170 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In a typical univariate biometric twin model, structural equation modeling is used to decompose the variance of a phenotype into additive genetic effects (A), shared or common environmental effects (C) and unique environmental effects, including measurement error (E). Caspi et al (2000) utilized a biometric model that attributes the amount of shared family variance in behavior problems to the effect of an environmental variable. Shared family environment accounted for 20 % of the variance in behavior problems, with neighborhood deprivation directly accounting for 5 % of that effect or 1 % of the total variance in behavioral problems.…”

Section: Evidence From Behavior Geneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and environmental influences on internalizing psychopathology vary as a function of economic status

South

Krueger

2010

Psychol. Med.

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BackgroundDifferent theories of the link between socio-economic status (SES) and mental illness have been postulated. In particular, two theories of this association, social causation and social selection, differ in the implied causal pathway. The authors employ behavior genetic modeling to consider evidence for both social selection and social causation in the relationship between income variation and internalizing disorders.MethodBehavior genetic modeling was used to estimate the presence of gene–environment interaction (GxE, social causation) in the presence of gene–environment correlation (rGE, social selection). Participants were members of a sample of 719 twin pairs from the Midlife in the United States study. Four internalizing (INT) syndromes were assessed: major depression (MD); generalized anxiety disorder (GAD); panic attacks (PA); neuroticism (N). SES was measured with total family household income.ResultsOne factor best accounted for the variance shared between MD, GAD, PA and N. The etiology of variation in INT changed from high to low levels of income, with unique environmental factors playing a larger role in INT variation at lower levels of income. Across levels of income, rGE between income and INT was modest (low income ra=0.39 to high income ra=0.54), implying a selection process operating through genetic effects linking lower income with INT psychopathology.ConclusionsFindings support social causation by suggesting that low income contributes significantly to environmental variation in INT. Modest support was found for social selection, but should be extended using longitudinal designs. Effective interventions for internalizing psychopathology may differ depending on income.

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Section: Evidence From Behavior Geneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and environmental influences on internalizing psychopathology vary as a function of economic status

South

Krueger

2010

Psychol. Med.

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“…Niche seeking and social strategies, in turn, are expected to coalesce around the foci of the social deep structure, such as the formation of female -female social networks as related to their evolutionary function -social support and alloparenting (Geary, 2001; S. E. Taylor et al, 2000). Although individual differences in these characteristics are moderately heritable, they are also influenced by ecological variance and thus potentially related to parenting strategies, as discussed next (Bouchard et al, 1990;Caspi, Taylor, Moffitt, & Plomin, 2000;MacDonald, 1992;Reiss, 1995;Rowe, Jacobson, & Van den Oord, 1999).…”

Section: Table 4 Concepts and Definitions Of Social Competency And Somentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(ii) Community investment. Parental behaviors that improve the infrastructure, material and social, of the wider community into which their children and grandchildren will live (e.g., Caspi et al, 2000). (iii) Lineage status, or "family name."…”

Section: Table 4 Concepts and Definitions Of Social Competency And Somentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Human Parental Behavior and the Human Family

Geary¹,

Flinn²

2001

Parenting

103

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SYNOPSISObjective. To develop an evolutionary model that integrates human parenting and family formation with ideas about the evolved functions of distinctive human characteristics, such as concealed ovulation and sophisticated sociocognitive competencies. Design. Theoretical and empirical research across scientific disciplines is reviewed. The emphasis is on ecological and social conditions that covary, across species, with parenting, family formation, and potentially coevolving characteristics, such as a long developmental period. Results. For humans, social competition through coalition formation emerges as the key selective pressure that readily explains the coevolution of a constellation of characteristics that covary with parenting and family formation, including a lengthy developmental period, reduced sexual dimorphism, concealed ovulation, menopause, complex kinship networks, large brains, and sophisticated sociocognitive competencies. Individual and cross-cultural variations in patterns of parenting dynamics and family formation are viewed as adaptive phenotypic responses to different ecological and historical conditions. Conclusions. Human parenting and family formation are features of a coevolving suite of distinctive human characteristics, the evolutionary function of which is to facilitate the formation of kin-based coalitions for competition with other coalitions for resource control. In this view, a central function of human parenting and the human family is to provide a context for the development of sociocompetitive competencies appropriate to the local ecology.

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“…[20,21] In addition to the influence of family-level socioeconomic status (SES), children's mental health also appears to be modestly influenced by the neighborhoods they live in. [22] Neighborhood conditions appear to impact childhood behavior above and beyond any heritable liability, [23] and with control for parental SES. [24] Despite the association between social adversity and ADHD, current evidence-based treatment guidelines for ADHD focus almost exclusively on individual behavioral modification and pharmacologic interventions, with little attention directed towards understanding how the neighborhood environment might influence the development and course of ADHD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-sectional study of perceived neighborhood collective efficacy and risk of adhd among a nationally-representative sample of children

Derauf

Pandey

Liesinger

et al. 2015

JER

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Objective: The development and severity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been linked to a number of psychosocial risk factors. Research has shown that the amount of social capital in a community influences the physical and mental health of community members. We assessed the independent role of perceived neighborhood context, including physical and socioeconomic characteristics, and collective efficacy, a form of social capital, on ADHD prevalence. Methods: Cross-sectional study utilizing the 2007 National Survey of Children's Health, a nationally representative dataset. The population of interest was children between the ages of four and seventeen living in randomly selected households. Multiple logistic regression models were used to assess the association between indices of perceived neighborhood socioeconomic conditions, built environment, and collective efficacy (study exposures) on risk of ADHD (outcome), controlling for pertinent individual and family risk factors. Results: Nine percent of children in the US (ages 4-17 ) had ADHD as reported by their caregiver. Univariately, all 3 neighborhood characteristics were associated with risk of ADHD (p-value =.01, .04, and .0002 for socioeconomic conditions, built environment, and collective efficacy, respectively). After accounting for well-established risk factors for ADHD, perceived neighborhood socioeconomic conditions and built environment were no longer associated with ADHD, while collective efficacy remained significant (p=.0002). Lower level of perceived neighborhood collective efficacy was associated with increased risk of ADHD (OR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.3-2.2, comparing the lowest with the highest level). Conclusions: Our study suggests that perceived neighborhood collective efficacy may buffer the impact of individual-and family-level risk factors for ADHD in children.

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Neighborhood Deprivation Affects Children's Mental Health: Environmental Risks Identified in a Genetic Design

Cited by 242 publications

References 24 publications

Genetic and environmental influences on internalizing psychopathology vary as a function of economic status

Genetic and environmental influences on internalizing psychopathology vary as a function of economic status

Evolution of Human Parental Behavior and the Human Family

Cross-sectional study of perceived neighborhood collective efficacy and risk of adhd among a nationally-representative sample of children

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