Neighborhood Crime and Sexual Transmission Risk Behavior among Black Men Living with HIV

Ojikutu, Bisola; Bogart, Laura M.; Klein, David J.; Galván, Frank H.; Wagner, Glenn

doi:10.1353/hpu.2018.0026

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…(47) Previous research also has found that exposure to community violence is associated with significantly higher rates of HIV-related transmission behaviors among YBMSM. (37,48,49) Importantly, poverty and incarceration are interlinked and independently associated with substance abuse and risk of HIV infection. (34,36,(50)(51)(52) Specifically, housing instability has been associated with justice system involvement (17) and HIV transmission among YBMSM.…”

Section: Syndemic Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Networks Moderate the Syndemic Effect of Psychosocial and Structural Factors on HIV Risk Among Young Black Transgender Women and Men who have Sex with Men

et al. 2019

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The interaction between the cumulative effect of psychosocial and structural factors (i.e. syndemic effect) and social networks among young Black transgender women and men who have sex with men (YBTM) remains understudied. A representative cohort of 16-29 year-old YBTM (n=618) was assessed for syndemic factors [i.e. substance use; community violence; depression; poverty; justice system involvement (JSI)], social network characteristics, condomless anal sex (CAS), group sex (GS), and HIV-infection. The syndemic index significantly increased the odds of CAS, GS, and HIV-infection, and these effects were moderated by network characteristics. Network JSI buffered the effect on CAS, romantic network members buffered the effect on GS, and network age and proportion of family network members buffered the effect on HIV-infection. The proportion of friend network members augmented the effect on GS and HIV-infection. Future research to prevent HIV among YBTM should consider social network approaches that target both structural and psychosocial syndemic factors.

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Section: Syndemic Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Networks Moderate the Syndemic Effect of Psychosocial and Structural Factors on HIV Risk Among Young Black Transgender Women and Men who have Sex with Men

et al. 2019

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“…Adding these variables to analyses may help reduce the risk of bias due to measurement error in the AGS indices, this may be particularly useful for studies who aim to control for the confounding effects of crime. It is notable that the AGS index for total crime correlated only weakly with LAPD crime rates, but has been the most commonly used in health research (Tang et al, 2014, Ohri-Vachaspati et al, 2017, Lowe et al, 2016, Ojikutu et al, 2018, Broyles et al, 2016, Lowe et al, 2015, LAData, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While to our knowledge, no publicly available research has validated the AGS CrimeRisk© indices, several studies have used the AGS crime indices in their research (Tang et al, 2014, Ohri-Vachaspati et al, 2017, Lowe et al, 2016, Ojikutu et al, 2018, Broyles et al, 2016, Lowe et al, 2015, LAData, 2010). These studies find effects in the expected direction and lend evidence to concordance validity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The AGS crime index is marketed for use by banks, insurance companies and realtors (Myers et al, 2016). Academic research is not listed as a target audience, and while some health studies have used the AGS crime indices (Tang et al, 2014, Ohri-Vachaspati et al, 2017, Lowe et al, 2016, Ojikutu et al, 2018, Broyles et al, 2016, Lowe et al, 2015, LAData, 2010), none has validated the AGS measures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A commercially available crime index may be a reliable alternative to actual census-tract crime in an urban area

Nau

Sidell

Clift

et al. 2020

Preventive Medicine Reports

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Health research on the effects of crime has been hampered by a lack of small-scale, reliable crime data. Our objective is to assess the accuracy of a set of commercially available crime indices for use in health research. The 2016 release of Applied Geographic Solutions’ (AGS) crime indices are based on data from 2010 to 2014 and provide tract-level information on crime.We use crime rates for 1069 tracts of the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) jurisdiction for the same years to assess (1) Spearman Correlations of major crime categories, and (2) accuracy of AGS indices in predicting falling above/below the median and into the highest/lowest quartile of LAPD crime. We also test if adding variables from the American Community Survey (ACS) to regression analyses can help to reduce measurement bias.We found that five of ten AGS indices correlated moderately well with LAPD crime. In unadjusted regressions, robbery, homicide, aggravated assault, motor-vehicle theft and personal crime achieved c-statistics from 0.81 to 0.90. C-statistics improved up to 0.13 points after adding ACS variables. Some AGS crime indices may be reliable proxies for crime in an urban area. The AGS index for total crime, most commonly used in prior research, performed poorly.

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“…Our results showed that neighborhood insecurity formed a sizable portion of the largest cluster. Research has shown that neighborhood crime was associated with HIV risk taking behaviors such as unprotected sex and multiple sexual partnerships (11,12). Furthermore, a recent study observed that HIV-related mortality reached over 8% of released prison inmates in FG (13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping priority neighborhoods: A novel approach to cluster identification in HIV/AIDS population

Jagadesh

Combe

Couppié

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundUrban disadvantaged neighborhoods have higher HIV risk behavior and higher levels of AIDS-related mortality. Studies demonstrate that interventions at the community level focusing on risk groups have increased success rates than individual patient-based based management in the context of HIV/AIDS. We tested a novel approach to identify population groups in need of greater public health efforts to achieve UNAIDS 90-90-90.MethodsWe extracted retrospective data on 2141 HIV/AIDS patients, recruited from 1997-2017 in the regional hospitals in French Guiana. Self-organizing maps were constructed and clusters were identified based on demographic and socioeconomic variables such as age, sex, CD4 counts at Nadir, type of neighborhood, unemployment rate, and presence of opportunistic illness such as Histoplasmosis and Hepatitis B in the sample population.ResultsNeighborhood unemployment rates were identified to have a large impact in the distribution of HIV/AIDS. Also, the risk of disseminated histoplasmosis, the most common AIDS-defining illness in French Guiana, was not associated to any particular neighborhood suggesting that urban socioeconomic features are not the primary drivers of exposure risk.ConclusionSocioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods remain hotspots for HIV/AIDS. We conclude that SOM is an effective tool in the identification of risk clusters that may guide public health efforts to optimize HIV prevention and testing in French Guiana and other developing countries.

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Neighborhood Crime and Sexual Transmission Risk Behavior among Black Men Living with HIV

Cited by 10 publications

References 56 publications

Social Networks Moderate the Syndemic Effect of Psychosocial and Structural Factors on HIV Risk Among Young Black Transgender Women and Men who have Sex with Men

Social Networks Moderate the Syndemic Effect of Psychosocial and Structural Factors on HIV Risk Among Young Black Transgender Women and Men who have Sex with Men

A commercially available crime index may be a reliable alternative to actual census-tract crime in an urban area

Mapping priority neighborhoods: A novel approach to cluster identification in HIV/AIDS population

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