Neighborhood Cohesion, Disorder, and Physical Function in Older Adults: An Examination of Racial/Ethnic Differences

Millar, Roberto J.

doi:10.1177/0898264319890944

Cited by 18 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…First, this is the first study that has examined the potential effect of the neighborhood environment on muscle mass and function in more than 2000 older adults (≥ 60 years old) as well as in males and females separately, using a longitudinal study design. Most previous studies on neighborhood environments and physical function included middle age adults, such as 40 or 50 years old together with older adults and most studies were cross-sectional [10][11][12][13][14][15][42][43][44][45]. Second, our study objectively measured both neighborhood environmental factors as well as muscle mass and function specific to sarcopenia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neighborhood environments may be of importance particularly for older adults, who are likely to spend more time in their neighborhoods of residence than younger persons [9]. Several studies have examined the association between neighborhood environmental factors, e.g., safety, physical disorder (trash or littering), and social cohesion and older adults' physical functions such as activities of daily living [10][11][12][13][14]. One study from the US found that living in neighborhoods with high physical disorder, low social cohesion and low safety was associated with higher incidence of limitations in activities of daily living, such as getting across the room, bathing, eating and shopping for groceries [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other studies from the UK and Australia have found that living in neighborhoods with low socioeconomic status is associated with poorer physical function measured by self-reported functional limitations in different daily activities [10][11][12]15]. One study from the US assessed physical function objectively and found that self-reported neighborhood disorder was associated with lower physical function [13]. However, no previous studies have assessed both neighborhood environments and physical functions based on objective measures, such as functions related to sarcopenia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neighborhood environment and muscle mass and function among rural older adults: a 3-year longitudinal study

et al. 2020

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Background Sarcopenia, resulting from loss of muscle mass and function, is highly prevalent in the ageing societies and is associated with risk of falls, frailty, loss of independence, and mortality. It is important to identify environmental risk factors, so that evidence-based interventions to prevent sarcopenia can be implemented at the population level. This study aimed to examine the potential effect of several objectively measured neighborhood environmental factors on longitudinal change of muscle mass and function among older adults living in rural Japanese towns where the population is ageing. Methods This study was based on data from the Shimane CoHRE Study conducted by the Center for Community-based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE) at Shimane University in 3 rural towns in the Shimane Prefecture, Japan. Subjects older than 60 years, who participated in an annual health examination in 2016 and any follow-up years until 2019, i.e., 4 possible time points in total, were included (n = 2526). The skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and grip strength were assessed objectively for each year as a measure of muscle mass and function, respectively. Neighborhood environmental factors, i.e., hilliness, bus stop density, intersection density, residential density, and distance to a community center were measured by geographic information systems (GIS). Linear mixed models were applied to examine the potential effect of each neighborhood environmental factor on the change of SMI and grip strength over time. Results Males living far from community centers had a less pronounced decline in SMI compared to those living close to community centers. Females living in areas with higher residential density had a less pronounced decline in grip strength compared to those living in areas with lower residential density. Conclusions Neighborhood environmental factors had limited effects on change of SMI and grip strength among rural older adults within the 3 years follow up. Further long-term follow up studies are necessary by also taking into account other modifiable neighborhood environmental factors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neighborhood environment and muscle mass and function among rural older adults: a 3-year longitudinal study

et al. 2020

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“…Both interviewers were trained in the use of questions from the systemic social observation survey [36]. Prior to entering the respondent's residence to conduct the interview, they each made an independent, confidential rating of the face-block using three items that focused on physical signs of graffiti, vandalism, and abandoned buildings [13,83]. The rating format for each item ranged from 0 (No, none present) to 3 (Yes, a considerable amount).…”

Section: Independent Variablementioning

confidence: 99%

The Association between Neighborhood Disorder and Health: Exploring the Moderating Role of Genotype and Marriage

Lei

2021

IJERPH

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The present study extends prior research on the link between neighborhood disorder and health by testing an integrated model that combines various social and biological factors. Hypotheses were tested using a sample of 325 African American women from the Family and Community Health Study (FACHS). As expected, inflammatory burden was the biophysiological mechanism that mediated much of the association between neighborhood physical disorder and perceived physical health. This finding provided additional support for the view that global self-ratings of health are powerful predictors of morbidity because, in large measure, they are indicators of chronic, systemic inflammation. Further, both genetic variation and marital status served to moderate the association between neighborhood disorder and health. Finally, being married largely eliminated the probability that neighborhood disorder would combine with genetic vulnerability to increase inflammatory burden and perceived illness. Overall, the findings demonstrate the value of constructing integrated models that specify various biophysiological mechanisms that link social conditions to physical health.

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“…The authors coined the term "Status Discord" to describe this phenomenon (23). Others have similarly posited that neighborhood disorder may be more detrimental to non-Hispanic Whites than non-Hispanic Blacks, but with a different rationale (24). The "epidemiological paradox" is described as a process by which marginalized racial/ethnic groups, given their greater exposure to disordered neighborhoods, develop greater coping and resilience and may thus fare better than their non-Hispanic White counterparts (24).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In the eyes of the beholder: Race, place and health

Velasquez

Douglas

Guo

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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Racial and ethnic health disparities are fundamentally connected to neighborhood quality. For example, as a result of historical systemic inequities, racial and ethnic minorities are more likely to live in neighborhoods with signs of physical disorder (e.g., graffiti, vandalism), and physically disordered environments have been noted to associate with increased risk for chronic illness. Degree of exposure to neighborhood disorder may alter peoples' perception of their neighborhoods, however, with those most exposed (e.g., historically marginalized racial/ethnic groups) perhaps perceiving less threat from signs of neighborhood disorder. The purpose of the present study was to examine the complex interrelationships between people and place by investigating whether exposure to neighborhood physical disorder relates to residents' (1) perceptions of neighborhood safety and (2) perceptions of their health, and (3) examining whether these links vary by race/ethnicity. Using 2016–2018 Health and Retirement Study (HRS) data, a representative sample of US adults aged 51 years and older (n = 9,080, mean age 68 years), we conducted a series of weighted linear regressions to examine the role of neighborhood disorder in relation to both perceived neighborhood safety and self-rated health. Results indicated that greater neighborhood physical disorder was statistically significantly related to feeling less safe among non-Hispanic Whites and Hispanics, but not non-Hispanic Blacks. Regarding self-rated health, neighborhood physical disorder was statistically significantly related to poorer health among all racial/ethnic groups. These findings suggest that, despite differential interpretation of neighborhood disorder as a threat to safety, this modifiable aspect of peoples' environment is related to poor health regardless of one's race/ethnicity.

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Neighborhood Cohesion, Disorder, and Physical Function in Older Adults: An Examination of Racial/Ethnic Differences

Cited by 18 publications

References 44 publications

Neighborhood environment and muscle mass and function among rural older adults: a 3-year longitudinal study

Neighborhood environment and muscle mass and function among rural older adults: a 3-year longitudinal study

The Association between Neighborhood Disorder and Health: Exploring the Moderating Role of Genotype and Marriage

In the eyes of the beholder: Race, place and health

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