Negro Immigration to the United States

Reid, Ira De A.

doi:10.2307/2570817

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Race constructs attempt to create social structures that provide privilege for those who possess comparatively lighter skin (Burton, Bonilla-Silva, Ray, Buckelew, & Freeman, 2010;Machery & Faucher, 2005). Based on these constructs, those who are defined as Black experience the limitations in their educational attainment, occupational attainment, and social mobility (Coleman, 1988;Reid, 1938;Wilson, 1987).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Navigating STEM: Afro Caribbean Women Overcoming Barriers of Gender and Race

Miller

2017

Sage Open

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This article explores issues related to science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), participation and underrepresentation specifically in regard to women of African descent. Drawing from a larger qualitative, grounded case study, the article examines the experiences of Panamanian Afro Caribbean women in STEM and their successful navigation of race and gender barriers related to education and employment in STEM. Ogbu and Banks are used to inform the discussion regarding the formation of group identity. Data were collected and triangulated by interviews, surveys, observations, and documents. The findings revealed that socio-cultural values and strategies from their Caribbean community provided the support needed to build a positive self-identity. In addition, middle-class values that included educational attainment and hard work further supported their persistence through STEM education and their participation in STEM careers. A new model, the Self-Actualization Model (SAM), emerged as graphic representation for presenting the findings.

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confidence: 99%

“…Based on these constructs, those who are defined as Black experience the limitations in their educational attainment, occupational attainment, and social mobility (Coleman, 1988;Reid, 1938;Wilson, 1987).…”

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confidence: 99%

Navigating STEM: Afro Caribbean Women Overcoming Barriers of Gender and Race

Miller

2017

Sage Open

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“…Since 1990, this rapid increase in the size of the foreign-born Black population has been met with increasing diversity in the regions and countries from which immigrants originate. While foreign-born Blacks from the Caribbean have been migrating to the U.S. since the early 1900s [ 26 ], between 2000 and 2005, more foreign-born Blacks entered the U.S. from Africa than the Caribbean [ 10 ]. Moreover, there is greater diversity in the reasons for migration, especially from African countries—more enter as refugees, asylees or on diversity visas [ 10 ].…”

Section: Descriptive Benefitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While there are a range of possible native/immigrant comparisons, the comparison of native and foreign-born Blacks represents a uniquely useful research paradigm because Black people are the only U.S. population whose racial classification has to do with notions of genetic ancestry [ 25 ] and also includes a large immigrant population [ 10 , 26 ]. While “blood quantum” has also been a key determinant of being legally classified as Native American [ 27 ], there are no Native American “immigrants” in the United States (we understand that there are many Native Americans that migrate from reservations to other locations in the United States and that this experience may be like the experiences of many foreign-national migrants.…”

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confidence: 99%

Black Nativity and Health Disparities: A Research Paradigm for Understanding the Social Determinants of Health

Ifatunji

Faustin

Lee

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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After more than a century of research and debate, the scientific community has yet to reach agreement on the principal causes of racialized disparities in population health. This debate currently centers on the degree to which “race residuals” are a result of unobserved differences in the social context or unobserved differences in population characteristics. The comparative study of native and foreign-born Black populations represents a quasi-experimental design where race is “held constant”. Such studies present a unique opportunity to improve our understanding of the social determinants of population health disparities. Since native and foreign-born Black populations occupy different sociocultural locations, and since populations with greater African ancestry have greater genetic diversity, comparative studies of these populations will advance our understanding of the complex relationship between sociocultural context, population characteristics and health outcomes. Therefore, we offer a conceptual framing for the comparative study of native and foreign-born Blacks along with a review of 208 studies that compare the mental and physical health of these populations. Although there is some complexity, especially with respect to mental health, the overall pattern is that foreign-born Blacks have better health outcomes than native-born Blacks. After reviewing these studies, we conclude with suggestions for future studies in this promising area of social and medical research.

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“…31 The 'colour-class' system of the Caribbean islands often meant the opportunity for some social and economic mobility for lighter-skinned black people within island society, while US-style racial segregation was far more rigid, even for skilled, educated and lighter-skinned African Caribbeans. 32 With the end of World War I, returning black war veterans were the latest physical embodiment of a bold spirit of assertive black masculinity in the US. 33 Although Victorian concepts of restrained, class-based manhood still influenced those men who had dominated turn-of-the-century black society and politics, such ideals were becoming less applicable to men who had experienced the upheavals of the war era and who, in many cases, had been directly involved in the armed forces.…”

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confidence: 99%

‘Lower types of cranks, crooks and racial bigots’? The Universal Negro Improvement Association and black political violence in the United States, 1918–1930

Lennon¹

2020

Radical Americas

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This article examines the involvement of the black nationalist Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) in black political violence in the early-interwar period in the United States. Evidence suggests that the UNIA was the organisation most often involved in black political confrontations, and the article discusses how the state, the black and white press and other black activist organisations may have both benefitted from and perpetuated the UNIA's reputation for political violence. The essay argues that the UNIA's involvement in violence against other black organisations and groups can be explained partly by the intensity of the 'war of words' among prominent black leaders in the United States, such as W.E.B. Du Bois and Marcus Garvey. Furthermore, the article suggests that ethnic and gender differences within the American UNIA itself could exacerbate pre-existing tensions between different groups of Garveyites. Contextualising black political violence in these ways allows us to move beyond a reductionist view of grassroots Garveyites as prone to violence. Instead, this approach allows us to better understand the relationship between the famous 'war of words' and the kinds of tensions, confrontations and violence that sometimes occurred at grassroots level between supporters of different black organisations and groups. The article contributes not only to the growing historiography about the UNIA at grassroots level, but also to discussions about the militarisation of black protest during World War I and in the 1920s, including the use of self-defence and paramilitary-style tactics by people of African descent in the United States.

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Negro Immigration to the United States

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Navigating STEM: Afro Caribbean Women Overcoming Barriers of Gender and Race

Navigating STEM: Afro Caribbean Women Overcoming Barriers of Gender and Race

Black Nativity and Health Disparities: A Research Paradigm for Understanding the Social Determinants of Health

‘Lower types of cranks, crooks and racial bigots’? The Universal Negro Improvement Association and black political violence in the United States, 1918–1930

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