“…For example, cultural myths that family issues are “private matters” (e.g., Logan et al, 2015) or fear of an abusive partner’s retaliation, given that intimate partner rape often occurs during the ongoing context of domestic abuse (e.g., Frieze, 1983; Hanneke & Shields, 1985; Logan & Cole, 2011; Logan et al, 2015), may deter women from seeking help in intimate partner abuse situations. Society has generally invalidated intimate partner rape by not considering it “real rape.” For example, many people hold social norm beliefs related to how partners should behave in a relationship (e.g., “wifely” duty; Basile, 1999; Bennice & Resick, 2003; Lazar, 2010; Logan et al, 2015), or that intimate partner rape is not a serious crime that should be reported (Bergen, 1996; Frieze, 1983; Hanneke & Shields, 1985). Thus, when investigating how individuals conceptualize intimate partner rape as a crime, we must consider various social and cultural norms related to intimate relationships.…”