Negligible Ion Migration in Tin‐Based and Tin‐Doped Perovskites

Ighodalo, Kester O.; Chen, Wenjing; Liang, Zheng; Shi, Yongliang; Chu, Shenglong; Zhang, Yihan; Khan, Rahmatullah; Zhou, Hongmin; Pan, Xu; Ye, Jiajiu; Xiao, Zhengguo

doi:10.1002/anie.202213932

Cited by 26 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…However, identification of this mechanism is significant, as it provides a clue toward a more general strategy to suppress halide segregationnamely by employing other redox-active species within the active layer or device stack to prevent the oxidation of halides in the first place. One example is that mixed Sn/Pb-based perovskites have been reported to show better stability against halide segregation than solely Pb-based perovskites, − which can be readily explained by our model in that normalI normali + cannot form in the presence of Sn II , a reducing agent, and the redox shuttle is displaced from normalI normalX − / normalI normali + to Sn II /Sn IV , , leading to suppressed halide segregation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 81%

Halogen Redox Shuttle Explains Voltage-Induced Halide Redistribution in Mixed-Halide Perovskite Devices

Kerner

Harvey

et al. 2022

ACS Energy Lett.

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Voltage-induced halide segregation greatly limits the optoelectronic applications of mixed-halide perovskite devices, but a mechanistic explanation behind this phenomenon remains unclear. In this work, we use electron microscopy and elemental mapping to directly measure the halide redistribution in mixed-halide perovskite solar cells with quasi-ion-impermeable contact layers under different bias polarities to find iodide and bromide accumulation at the cathode and anode, respectively. This is consistent with a mechanism based on preferential iodide oxidation at the anode, leading to unbalanced + I i , I X , and Br X fluxes. Importantly, switching the anode from "inert" Au to "active" Ag prevents segregation because Ag oxidation precludes the oxidation of lattice iodide, which suggests employing redox-active additives as a general strategy to suppress halide segregation. Overall, these results show that halide perovskite devices operate as solid-state electrochemical cells when threshold voltages are exceeded, providing fresh insight to understand the impacts of voltage bias on halide perovskite devices.

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mentioning

confidence: 81%

Halogen Redox Shuttle Explains Voltage-Induced Halide Redistribution in Mixed-Halide Perovskite Devices

Kerner

Harvey

et al. 2022

ACS Energy Lett.

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“…Additionally, for Sn-containing PSCs, similar to Pb perovskites, charge carrier extraction will be modulated by mobile ions, which can induce hysteresis effects in photovoltaic device measurements. − These mobile ions can induce instability through a variety of redox reactions discussed earlier, as well as migrating into transport layers such as fullerenes, further altering the interface energetics . Reaching a complete understanding of the effects of mobile ions and the effects they have on device performance requires further study; however, it has been suggested that ion migration may be less severe in mixed Sn–Pb perovskites than neat Pb since the activation energy for ion migration could be relatively higher. , …”

Section: Challenges and Solutions For Tin-containing Perovskite Solar...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…135 Reaching a complete understanding of the effects of mobile ions and the effects they have on device performance requires further study; however, it has been suggested that ion migration may be less severe in mixed Sn−Pb perovskites than neat Pb since the activation energy for ion migration could be relatively higher. 135,136 The highest efficiencies for Sn-containing PSCs are generally obtained with the p-i-n cell structure. 27,81,102 This is because, first, the energy level alignment at the interfaces of the perovskite and charge-transport layers in p-i-n cells is better than that in n-ip cells; 22 second, HTL dopants 137 and ETLs such as TiO 2 138 employed for n-i-p cells will react more readily with the perovskite, causing damage to the films.…”

Section: Charge Carrier Dynamics and Energy Level Matchingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Challenges and Solutions For Tin-containing Perovskite Solar...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prospects for Tin-Containing Halide Perovskite Photovoltaics

Smith

Snaith

et al. 2023

Precision Chemistry

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Tin-containing metal halide perovskites have enormous potential as photovoltaics, both in narrow band gap mixed tin−lead materials for all-perovskite tandems and for lead-free perovskites. The introduction of Sn(II), however, has significant effects on the solution chemistry, crystallization, defect states, and other material properties in halide perovskites. In this perspective, we summarize the main hurdles for tin-containing perovskites and highlight successful attempts made by the community to overcome them. We discuss important research directions for the development of these materials and propose some approaches to achieve a unified understanding of Sn incorporation. We particularly focus on the discussion of charge carrier dynamics and nonradiative losses at the interfaces between perovskite and charge extraction layers in p-i-n cells. We hope these insights will aid the community to accelerate the development of high-performance, stable single-junction tincontaining perovskite solar cells and all-perovskite tandems.

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“…9,10 With these advantages, tin-based perovskite solar cells (T-PSCs) hold the most promising potential for environmental-friendly photovoltaic (PV) applications. 9,11,12 However, T-PSCs face lots of challenges such as easily oxidation Sn 2+ and the energy band mismatch at the interface of the perovskite and electron (or hole) transport layers (ETL or HTL). 13−15 They hinder the increase in PCE and application of T-PSCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutually Tuned Dual Additive Engineering Synergistically Enhances the Photovoltaic Performance of Tin-Based Perovskite Solar Cells

Wang,

Qiu,

Luo

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Tin-based perovskite solar cells (T-PSCs) have become the star photovoltaic products in recent years due to their low environmental toxicity and superior photovoltaic performance. However, the easy oxidation of Sn 2+ and the energy level mismatch between the perovskite film and charge transport layer limit its efficiency. In order to regulate the microstructure and photoelectric properties of tin-based perovskite films to enhance the efficiency and stability of T-PSCs, guanidinium bromide (GABr) and organic Lewis-based additive methylamine cyanate (MAOCN) are introduced into the FA 0.9 PEA 0.1 SnI 3 -based perovskite precursor. A series of characterizations show that the interactions between additive molecules and perovskite mutually reconcile to improve the photovoltaic performance of T-PSCs. The introduction of GABr can adjust the band gap of the perovskite film and energy level alignment of T-PSCs. They significantly increase the open-circuit voltage (V oc ). The MAOCN material can form hydrogen bonds with SnI 2 in the precursor, which can inhibit the oxidation of Sn 2+ and significantly improve the short-circuit current density (J sc ). The synergistic modulation of the dual additives reduces the trap-state density and improves photovoltaic performance, resulting in an increased champion efficiency of 9.34 for 5.22% of the control PSCs. The unencapsulated T-PSCs with GABr and MAOCN dual additives prepared in the optimized process can retain more than 110% of their initial efficiency after aging for 1750 h in a nitrogen glovebox, but the control PSCs maintain only 50% of their initial efficiency kept in the same conditions. This work provides a new perspective to further improve the efficiency and stability of T-PSCs.

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Negligible Ion Migration in Tin‐Based and Tin‐Doped Perovskites

Cited by 26 publications

References 72 publications

Halogen Redox Shuttle Explains Voltage-Induced Halide Redistribution in Mixed-Halide Perovskite Devices

Halogen Redox Shuttle Explains Voltage-Induced Halide Redistribution in Mixed-Halide Perovskite Devices

Prospects for Tin-Containing Halide Perovskite Photovoltaics

Mutually Tuned Dual Additive Engineering Synergistically Enhances the Photovoltaic Performance of Tin-Based Perovskite Solar Cells

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