Neglected tropical zoonotic diseases in Tigray region, northern Ethiopia: Spatial distribution and trend analysis of rabies, tuberculosis, schistosomiasis, and visceral leishmaniasis in humans

Menghistu, Habtamu Taddele; Mersha, Tadesse Teferi; Shumuye, Nigus Abebe; Woldie, Biruk Mekonnen; Redda, Yisehak Tsegaye; Hadush, Birhanu; Mohammed, Abrahim Hassen

doi:10.1111/zph.12874

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(61 reference statements)

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“…These methods have evolved markedly in recent decades and have become one of the most critical GIS technologies in developing improved disease surveillance systems [78,79]. GIS-based disease mapping has been applied successfully in previous studies examining the geography of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) [80][81][82][83]. In this study, an ecological niche modeling and precision mapping approach were combined to estimate the environmental suitability of schistosomiasis and the risk of disease transmission to humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictive Risk Mapping of Schistosomiasis in Madagascar Using Ecological Niche Modeling and Precision Mapping

Deka

2022

TropicalMed

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Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) found throughout tropical and subtropical Africa. In Madagascar, the condition is widespread and endemic in 74% of all administrative districts in the country. Despite the significant burden of the disease, high-resolution risk maps have yet to be produced to guide national control programs. This study used an ecological niche modeling (ENM) and precision mapping approach to estimate environmental suitability and disease transmission risk. The results show that suitability for schistosomiasis is widespread and covers 264,781 sq kilometers (102,232 sq miles). Covariates of significance to the model were the accessibility to cities, distance to water, enhanced vegetation index (EVI), annual mean temperature, land surface temperature (LST), clay content, and annual precipitation. Disease transmission risk is greatest in the central highlands, tropical east coast, arid-southwest, and northwest. An estimated 14.9 million people could be at risk of schistosomiasis; 11.4 million reside in rural areas, while 3.5 million are in urban areas. This study provides valuable insight into the geography of schistosomiasis in Madagascar and its potential risk to human populations. Because of the focal nature of the disease, these maps can inform national surveillance programs while improving understanding of areas in need of medical interventions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictive Risk Mapping of Schistosomiasis in Madagascar Using Ecological Niche Modeling and Precision Mapping

Deka

2022

TropicalMed

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“…Previous TB trend analysis held in the Tigray Region, [ 11 , 12 ] Bale Zone of Oromia Region, [ 13 ] East Gojjam Zone of Amhara Region, [ 14 ] Addis Ababa, [ 15 ] Harari Region, [ 16 ] and Awi Zone of Northwest Amhara Region [ 17 ] reported a decreasing trend of TB over time. Our finding also shows a decreasing trend of the disease though it lacks consistency.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Tigray Region, the overall regional number of TB cases showed a decreasing trend, where the decrease for extrapulmonary TB was higher than pulmonary TB, while the annual average number of TB cases was much higher in the Western part of the region. [ 11 ] In the Northwestern Tigray, TB cases showed a cumulative declining trend over the years 2013–2018. [ 12 ] In the Bale Zone of Oromia Region, drug-resistant TB showed a decreasing trend over the period 2014–2018, although the trend did not reach statistical significance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Five-year trend analysis of tuberculosis in Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia, 2015–2019

Mengesha

Manyazewal

Woldeamanuel

2021

Int J Mycobacteriol

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Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Ethiopia despite the increased availability of effective treatments. Trend analysis of issues and priorities affecting TB programs across different regions of the country is critical to ensure equitable and sustainable TB outcomes. We aimed to analyze the trends of TB in Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia, over 5 years from 2015 to 2019. Methods: An institution-based, retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Bahir Dar, the capital city of the Amhara Region in Ethiopia. Five-year data and records of individual TB cases were reviewed from all public and private health-care facilities and health bureaus in Bahir Dar. Using a standard checklist adapted from the World Health Organization, data were abstracted relevant to sociodemographic characteristics of the patients, year and type of TB infection, and HIV status. SPSS version 20 software was used for data analysis. Results: Data of 4275 patients with TB were identified, of which 929 (21.7%) were smear-positive pulmonary TB, 1195 (28%) were smear-negative pulmonary TB, and 2151 (50.3%) were extrapulmonary TB patients. TB was more prevalent in the age group 15–34 years (51.2%), and females (55.5%). In the years from 2015 to 2019, the prevalence of all forms of TB was 922 (21.6%), 812 (19.0%), 843 (19.7%), 876 (20.5%), and 822 (19.2%), respectively, demonstrating a decreasing trend though inconsistent. The variables sex (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.734, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.390–2.187]), HIV co-infection (AOR: 1.875, 95% CI [1.553–2.265]), and age <15 years (AOR: 1.372, 95% CI [1.121–1.680]) showed a significant association with TB infection. Conclusions: The prevalence of TB in Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia, demonstrated a decreasing trend over the years from 2015 to 2019 but with inconsistencies. HIV co-infection significantly increased the risk of developing TB, and productive age groups and females were at the greater prevalence of TB, highlighting the importance of strengthening sustainable TB care and prevention interventions toward these groups of people.

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“…We see opportunity in extending such a framework to other zoonotic diseases across a wider geographic area. Mapping the spatial distribution can help to identify locations and groups where efforts should be concentrated to prevent infection, improve interventions and increase coordinated communication across veterinary and human health teams (40).…”

Section: Pillar I: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Public Health Policy Pillars for the Sustainable Elimination of Zoonotic Schistosomiasis

et al. 2022

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Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease acquired through contact with contaminated freshwater. The definitive hosts are terrestrial mammals, including humans, with some Schistosoma species crossing the animal-human boundary through zoonotic transmission. An estimated 12 million people live at risk of zoonotic schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma japonicum and Schistosoma mekongi, largely in the World Health Organization’s Western Pacific Region and in Indonesia. Mathematical models have played a vital role in our understanding of the biology, transmission, and impact of intervention strategies, however, these have mostly focused on non-zoonotic Schistosoma species. Whilst these non-zoonotic-based models capture some aspects of zoonotic schistosomiasis transmission dynamics, the commonly-used frameworks are yet to adequately capture the complex epi-ecology of multi-host zoonotic transmission. However, overcoming these knowledge gaps goes beyond transmission dynamics modelling. To improve model utility and enhance zoonotic schistosomiasis control programmes, we highlight three pillars that we believe are vital to sustainable interventions at the implementation (community) and policy-level, and discuss the pillars in the context of a One-Health approach, recognising the interconnection between humans, animals and their shared environment. These pillars are: (1) human and animal epi-ecological understanding; (2) economic considerations (such as treatment costs and animal losses); and (3) sociological understanding, including inter- and intra-human and animal interactions. These pillars must be built on a strong foundation of trust, support and commitment of stakeholders and involved institutions.

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Neglected tropical zoonotic diseases in Tigray region, northern Ethiopia: Spatial distribution and trend analysis of rabies, tuberculosis, schistosomiasis, and visceral leishmaniasis in humans

Cited by 10 publications

References 41 publications

Predictive Risk Mapping of Schistosomiasis in Madagascar Using Ecological Niche Modeling and Precision Mapping

Predictive Risk Mapping of Schistosomiasis in Madagascar Using Ecological Niche Modeling and Precision Mapping

Five-year trend analysis of tuberculosis in Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia, 2015–2019

Public Health Policy Pillars for the Sustainable Elimination of Zoonotic Schistosomiasis

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