Neglected tropical diseases and the sustainable development goals: an urgent call for action from the front line

Addisu, Ayenew; Adriaensen, Wim; Arega, Balew; Asfaw, Mekuria Asnakew; Diro, Ermias; Djirmay, Amadou Garba; Gebree, Desalegn; Seid, Getahun; Hailemariam, Begashaw; Harries, Anthony; Adugna, Abera Hirpa; Jejaw, Zeleke Ayalew; Kamau, Edward Mberu; Kelbo, Tigist; Manzi, Marcel; Daniel, Dana Medebo; Moloo, Ashok; Olliaro, Piero; Owiti, Philip; Reeder, John C.; Senkoro, Mbazi; Takarinda, Kudakwashe C; Terry, Robert F; Timire, Collins; Tucho, Samson; Tweya, Hannock; Wendemagegn, Yeshanehe; Verdonck, Kristien; Vogt, Florian; Henten, Saskia van; Griensven, Johan van; Bekele, Worku; Zolfo, María; Zachariah, Rony

doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001334

Cited by 30 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…MDA of PZQ is one of the main control measures against human schistosomiasis, but the success of MDA programmes is often hampered by low compliance with treatment, limited drug availability, and misclassification of areas selected for MDA. All together these factors lead to only partial coverage of the population in need (31). There are claims for including pregnant women, infants and children under the age of 5 in high endemic areas in MDA, however they are usually not treated without diagnosis (5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Schistosomiasis is being listed as one of the Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) and the Sustainable Developmental Goals (SDGs) aim at having an elimination strategy for this NTD by 2030 (31,32). As we move towards elimination, and high prevalence areas may become low prevalence areas, it may be appropriate to move away from an MDA to a test-and-treat strategy (33).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial for Assessing POC-CCA Test Based Praziquantel Treatment for Schistosomiasis Control in Pregnant Women and Their Young Children: Study Protocol of the Freebily Clinical Trial in Madagascar

Fusco

Rakotozandrindrainy

Rakotoarivelo

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Mass drug administration (MDA) of praziquantel is one of the main control measures against human schistosomiasis. Although there are claims for including pregnant women, infants and children under the age of 5 years in high endemic regions in MDA campaigns, they are usually not treated without diagnosis. Diagnostic tools identifying infections at primary health care centre (PHCC) level could therefore help to integrate these vulnerable groups into control programmes. freeBILy (Fast and reliable easy-to-use-diagnostics for eliminating Bilharzia in young children and mothers) is an international consortium focused on implementing and evaluating new schistosomiasis diagnostic strategies. In Madagascar, the study aims to determine the effectiveness of a Test-Based-Schistosomiasis-Treatment (TBST) strategy for pregnant women and their infants and children up until the age of 2 years. Methods : A two-armed, cluster-randomised, controlled phase III trial including 5200 women and their offspring assesses the impact of TBST on child growth and maternal haemoglobin in areas of medium to high endemicity of Schistosoma mansoni . The participants are being tested with the Point of Care-Circulating Cathodic Antigen (POC-CCA) test, a commercially available urine-based non-invasive rapid diagnostic test for schistosomiasis. In the intervention arm, a POC-CCA-TBST strategy is offered to women during pregnancy and 9 months after delivery, for their infants at 9 months of age. In the control arm, study visit procedures are the same, but without the POC-CCA-TBST procedure. All participants are being offered the POC-CCA-TBST at 24 months after delivery. This trial is being integrated into the routine maternal and child primary health care programmes at 40 different PHCC in Madagascar’s highlands. The purpose of the trial is to assess the effectiveness of the POC-CCA-TBST for controlling schistosomiasis in young children and mothers. Discussion : This trial assesses a strategy to integrate pregnant women and their children under the age of 2 years into schistosomiasis control programmes using rapid diagnostic tests. It includes local capacity building for clinical trials and large-scale intervention research. Trial registration : Retrospectively registered with the Pan-African Clinical Trial Register PACTR201905784271304 (15/05/2019)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial for Assessing POC-CCA Test Based Praziquantel Treatment for Schistosomiasis Control in Pregnant Women and Their Young Children: Study Protocol of the Freebily Clinical Trial in Madagascar

Fusco

Rakotozandrindrainy

Rakotoarivelo

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…The building blocks for the synthesis of polyamines (Fig. (2)) are the amino acids arginine and methionine. L-arginine is the substrate for the formation of L-ornithine, an intermediate of the urea cycle, upon hydrolysis catalyzed by arginase.…”

Section: The Role Of Polyamines In Trypanosomatidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) constitute a diverse group of chronic bacterial, protozoan, fungal, viral and helminth infections [1,2] in 149 countries worldwide [3]. It is estimated that more than a billion people -one-sixth of the world's population, are affected by NTDs in tropical and subtropical regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipophilic Guanylhydrazone Analogues as Promising Trypanocidal Agents: An Extended SAR Study

Pardali

Giannakopoulou

Balourdas

et al. 2020

CPD

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In this report, we extend the SAR analysis of a number of lipophilic guanylhydrazone analogues with respect to in vitro growth inhibition of Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma cruzi. Sleeping sickness and Chagas disease, caused by the tropical parasites T. brucei and T. cruzi, constitute a significant socioeconomic burden in low-income countries of sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America, respectively. Drug development is underfunded. Moreover, current treatments are outdated and difficult to administer, while drug resistance is an emerging concern. The synthesis of adamantane-based compounds that have potential as antitrypanosomal agents is extensively reviewed. The critical role of the adamantane ring was further investigated by synthesizing and testing a number of novel lipophilic guanylhydrazones. The introduction of hydrophobic bulky substituents onto the adamantane ring generated the most active analogues, illustrating the synergistic effect of the lipophilic character of the C1 side chain and guanylhydrazone moiety on trypanocidal activity. The n-decyl C1-substituted compound G8 proved to be the most potent adamantane derivative against T. brucei with activity in the nanomolar range (EC50=90 nM). Molecular simulations were also performed to better understand the structure-activity relationships between the studied guanylhydrazone analogues and their potential enzyme target.

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“…Factors such as widespread development of drug resistance, undesirable and sometimes fatal side effects, complicated and long drug administration procedures, and high toxicity profiles associated with the current drugs have made them less appreciable for treatment [9][10][11]. The main goal of most stakeholders, especially those of endemic countries, is to greatly reduce the disease burden of schistosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and HAT [12,13]. However, it is evident that without the availability of chemical structure diversity and effective drugs to treat all developmental stages of these parasitic infections, efforts to reduce the burden of these diseases will be significantly hampered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paenidigyamycin G: 1-Acetyl-2,4-dimethyl-3-phenethyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium

Tetevi

Kwain

Mensah

et al. 2019

Molbank

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The Ghanaian Paenibacillus sp. DE2SH (GenBank Accession Number: MH091697) is a prolific producer of potent antiparasitic alkaloids. Further detailed study of the culture broth of this strain produced the compound Paenidigyamycin G (1), which is a derivative of the known antiparasitic compound Paenidigyamycin A (2). Compound (1) was isolated on HPLC at tR ≈ 37.5 min and its structure determined by IR, UV, MS, 1D, and 2D-NMR data. Compound 1 produced weak to moderate antileishmanial and antitrypanosomal activity when tested against Leishmania donovani (Laveran and Mesnil) Ross (D10) and Trypanosoma brucei subsp. brucei strain GUTat 3.1 with IC50 = 115.41 and 28.75 μM, respectively. This result is interesting since the parent compound 2 is known to possess consistent and potent antiparasitic activity. However, 1 displayed a promising selectivity profile towards T. brucei subsp. brucei due to its relatively low toxicity against normal mouse macrophages RAW 264.7 cells (SI = 8.70). Given that compound 1 is also the main metabolite found in the hexane fraction of all extracts produced by Paenibacillus sp. DE2SH when it is co-cultured with other bacteria strains, it must possess some unique biological functions which should make it an excellent candidate for further biological activity screening in other bioassays.

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Neglected tropical diseases and the sustainable development goals: an urgent call for action from the front line

Cited by 30 publications

References 13 publications

A Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial for Assessing POC-CCA Test Based Praziquantel Treatment for Schistosomiasis Control in Pregnant Women and Their Young Children: Study Protocol of the Freebily Clinical Trial in Madagascar

A Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial for Assessing POC-CCA Test Based Praziquantel Treatment for Schistosomiasis Control in Pregnant Women and Their Young Children: Study Protocol of the Freebily Clinical Trial in Madagascar

Lipophilic Guanylhydrazone Analogues as Promising Trypanocidal Agents: An Extended SAR Study

Paenidigyamycin G: 1-Acetyl-2,4-dimethyl-3-phenethyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium

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