Neglected Hosts of Small Ruminant Morbillivirus

Schulz, Claudia; Fast, Christine; Schlottau, Kore; Hoffmann, Bernd; Beer, Martin

doi:10.3201/eid2412.180507

Cited by 48 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This is an active area of research, as variation due to the use of local vs. non-local breeds and the choice of PPRV isolate may impact the results. It will be important to determine if cattle or other atypical hosts [50] can transmit PPRV onward as part of the upcoming PPRV global eradication campaign.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying Age Cohorts Responsible for Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus Transmission among Sheep, Goats, and Cattle in Northern Tanzania

Herzog

Glanville

Willett

et al. 2020

Viruses

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Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) causes a contagious disease of high morbidity and mortality in global sheep and goat populations. To better control this disease and inform eradication strategies, an improved understanding of how PPRV transmission risk varies by age is needed. Our study used a piece-wise catalytic model to estimate the age-specific force of infection (FOI, per capita infection rate of susceptible hosts) among sheep, goats, and cattle from a cross-sectional serosurvey dataset collected in 2016 in Tanzania. Apparent seroprevalence increased with age, reaching 53.6%, 46.8%, and 11.6% (true seroprevalence: 52.7%, 52.8%, 39.2%) for sheep, goats, and cattle, respectively. Seroprevalence was significantly higher among pastoral animals than agropastoral animals across all ages, with pastoral sheep and goat seroprevalence approaching 70% and 80%, respectively, suggesting pastoral endemicity. The best fitting piece-wise catalytic models merged age groups: two for sheep, three for goats, and four for cattle. The signal of these age heterogeneities were weak, except for a significant FOI peak among 2.5-3.5-year-old pastoral cattle. The subtle age-specific heterogeneities identified in this study suggest that targeting control efforts by age may not be as effective as targeting by other risk factors, such as production system type. Further research should investigate how specific husbandry practices affect PPRV transmission.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying Age Cohorts Responsible for Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus Transmission among Sheep, Goats, and Cattle in Northern Tanzania

Herzog

Glanville

Willett

et al. 2020

Viruses

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“…The identification of reservoir hosts that may contract the disease particularly by silent spread over large distances and across borders without expression of obvious clinical signs is of major concern. For example, sheep subclinically infected with PPRV are a known possible source of silent PPRV-spread [5,9]. PPRV RNA, antigen or infectious virus was detected in blood or tissue samples from different wild animal species [5,10], camels [11,12], buffaloes [13], and cattle [14], but no transmission to susceptible contact animals or shedding of infectious virus has so far been reported in any sound study for these Artiodactyla species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar to cattle, pigs were previously considered dead-end hosts for PPRV [18]. However, PPRV transmission from pigs to a contact pig and a contact goat, and the excretion of infectious PPRV by pigs and wild boar after experimental intranasal infection with the virulent PPRV LIV strain Kurdistan/2011 showed recently that suids may indeed act as a potential source of PPRV infection [9]. Similarly, transmission of RPV to contact cattle was recorded for pigs [20], but not for camels experimentally infected with RPV, despite of using different inoculation routes (intravenous (i.v.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Camelids and Cattle Are Dead-End Hosts for Peste-des-Petits-Ruminants Virus

Schulz

Fast

Wernery

et al. 2019

Viruses

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Peste-des-petits-ruminants virus (PPRV) causes a severe respiratory disease in small ruminants. The possible impact of different atypical host species in the spread and planed worldwide eradication of PPRV remains to be clarified. Recent transmission trials with the virulent PPRV lineage IV (LIV)-strain Kurdistan/2011 revealed that pigs and wild boar are possible sources of PPRV-infection. We therefore investigated the role of cattle, llamas, alpacas, and dromedary camels in transmission trials using the Kurdistan/2011 strain for intranasal infection and integrated a literature review for a proper evaluation of their host traits and role in PPRV-transmission. Cattle and camelids developed no clinical signs, no viremia, shed no or only low PPRV-RNA loads in swab samples and did not transmit any PPRV to the contact animals. The distribution of PPRV-RNA or antigen in lymphoid organs was similar in cattle and camelids although generally lower compared to suids and small ruminants. In the typical small ruminant hosts, the tissue tropism, pathogenesis and disease expression after PPRV-infection is associated with infection of immune and epithelial cells via SLAM and nectin-4 receptors, respectively. We therefore suggest a different pathogenesis in cattle and camelids and both as dead-end hosts for PPRV.

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“…Therefore, pigs are considered as dead-end hosts for PPRV. However, a recent study of a virulent PPRV lineage IV infection in domestic pigs and wild boar showed that PPRV could be transmitted from pigs to goats and pigs and from goats to pigs (36), indicating that pigs could be a possible source of PPRV infection. Therefore, further investigation on the role of suids in the spread of PPRV in field and experimental conditions with different PPRV lineages and strains is very important.…”

Section: Ppr Infection In Pigsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expanding Diversity of Susceptible Hosts in Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus Infection and Its Potential Mechanism Beyond

et al. 2020

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Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a severe respiratory and digestive tract disease of domestic small ruminants caused by PPR virus (PPRV) of the genus Morbillivirus. Although the primary hosts of PPRV are goats and sheep, the host range of PPRV has been continuously expanding and reported to infect various animal hosts over the last decades, which could bring a potential challenge to effectively control and eradicate PPR globally. In this review, we focused on current knowledge about host expansion and interspecies infection of PPRV and discussed the potential mechanisms involved.

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Neglected Hosts of Small Ruminant Morbillivirus

Cited by 48 publications

References 12 publications

Identifying Age Cohorts Responsible for Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus Transmission among Sheep, Goats, and Cattle in Northern Tanzania

Identifying Age Cohorts Responsible for Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus Transmission among Sheep, Goats, and Cattle in Northern Tanzania

Camelids and Cattle Are Dead-End Hosts for Peste-des-Petits-Ruminants Virus

Expanding Diversity of Susceptible Hosts in Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus Infection and Its Potential Mechanism Beyond

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