Negatives for secondary Li-batteries: Li-alloys or metallic Li?

Besenhard, Jürgen; Gürtler, J.; Komenda, Peter

doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-9649-0_39

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In such a case, the contact of highly energetic active materials with flammable organic solvent-based electrolytes can lead to situations out of control. When working out of the stability domain of the system (in terms of temperature or voltage), a series of undesirable reactions (varying according to the type of electrochemistry involved) may occur such as electrolyte reduction at the negative electrolyte interfaces, [4][5][6] lithium metal plating, 7,8 oxidation of electrolyte at high potential versus Li + /Li 0 , 9,10 .. These side reactions can lead to release of heat and gases, then subsequently cause thermal runaway 11 that entails significant threats such as explosion or fire phenomena such as the combustion of the electrolyte after rupture of battery confinement.…”

Section: Broader Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on the fire-induced hazards of Li-ion battery cells by fire calorimetry

Ribière

Grugeon

Morcrette

et al. 2012

Energy Environ. Sci.

378

176

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International audienceThe use of the high energy Li-ion battery technology for emerging markets like electromobility requires precise appraisal of their safety levels in abuse conditions. Combustion tests were performed on commercial pouch cells by means of the Fire Propagation Apparatus also called Tewarson calorimeter in the EU, so far used to study flammability parameters of polymers and chemicals. Well-controlled conditions for cell combustion are created in such an apparatus with the opportunity to analyse standard decomposition/combustion gases and therefore to quantify thermal and toxic threat parameters governing the fire risk namely the rate of heat release and the effective heat of combustion as well as the toxic product releases. Using the method of O2 consumption, total combustion heats and its kinetic of production were determined as a function of the cell state of charge unveiling an explosion risk in the case of a charged cell. The resulting combustion heat is revealed to be consistent with cumulated contribution values pertaining to each organic part of the cell (polymers and electrolytes) as calculated from thermodynamic data. The first order evaluation of the dangerousness of toxic gases resulting from fire induced combustion such as HF, CO, NO, SO2 and HCl was undertaken and stressed the fact that HF is the most critical gas originating from F-containing cell components in our test conditions

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Section: Broader Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on the fire-induced hazards of Li-ion battery cells by fire calorimetry

Ribière

Grugeon

Morcrette

et al. 2012

Energy Environ. Sci.

378

176

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The interest of a test related to the Warburg constant has been confirmed in the case of the study of an additive such as decahydronaphthalene (decalin), used in the literature in order to improve the cycling performance of the lithium electrode (16). For example, the addition of 3% of decalin in the molar solution SFL/LiAsF6 had led to the expected decrease of the experimental value of ~ (1.5 instead of The highest values of the limiting current density inside the surface layer are associated with the most conductive layers.…”

Section: Methods For the Selection Of Appropriate Electrolytes-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass‐Transport Properties of Lithium Surface Layers Formed in Sulfolane‐Based Electrolytes

Fouache‐Ayoub

Garreau

Prabhu

et al. 1990

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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q ABSTRACTThe kinetic and morphological properties of the surface layers formed on lithium electrode in different sulfolanebased electrolytes have been investigated. Application of the impedance theory of the dilute binary electrolyte has allowed a determination of characteristic parameters of the surface layers, such as their cationic transference numbers, salt diffusion coefficients, and ionic concentrations. The values obtained for these parameters have demonstrated that the surface layers behave similarly to their parent liquid electrolytes but with much lower ionic concentrations. In addition, this study has shown that satisfactory cycling performances can be obtained when the values of the characteristic parameters of the layers are close to those of the parent electrolytes. Supplementary tests based on the evaluation of the layer conductivity, the Warburg constant, and the limiting current density, have been proposed for the selection of appropriate organic electrolytes and cycling procedures to be used in secondary lithium batteries.Cycling efficiency measurements.---To avoid excessive cycling durations, the lithium cylinders were rep]aced by

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“…The transport properties are generally measured as bulk properties and therefore any changes in these properties that occur as a result of the presence of the electrode interfaces can induce the growth of dendrites at unexpectedly low current densities. It has long been observed that dendrite growth also occurs at current densities well below the limiting current [23,24] and the factors that influence the initiation [25,26] and propagation [27][28][29] of dendrite growth are a multifaceted problem that includes transport properties, interfacial properties and mechanical properties of the electrolytes in addition to the properties and possible nonuniformity of the Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) [30] on the lithium metal. Hence the understanding of the behavior of polymer electrolytes at interfaces is of considerable importance to the efficiency and safe operation of lithium metal batteries and some initial observations are presented in this paper Experimental PPO (Parel) was a gift from Zeon chemical and was purified by soxhlet extraction with methanol and then dried under vacuum over P 2 O 5 in a drying pistol prior to introduction to the glove-box.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interfacial behavior of polymer electrolytes

Kerr¹,

Han²,

Liu³

et al. 2004

Electrochimica Acta

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Abstract.Evidence is presented concerning the effect of surfaces on the segmental motion of PEO-based polymer electrolytes in lithium batteries. For dry systems with no moisture the effect of surfaces of nano-particle fillers is to inhibit the segmental motion and to reduce the lithium ion transport. These effects also occur at the surfaces in composite electrodes that contain considerable quantities of carbon black nano-particles for electronic connection. The problem of reduced polymer mobility is compounded by the generation of salt concentration gradients within the composite electrode. Highly concentrated polymer electrolytes have reduced transport properties due to the increased ionic cross-linking. Combined with the interfacial interactions this leads to the generation of low mobility electrolyte layers within the electrode and to loss of capacity and power capability. It is shown that even with planar lithium metal electrodes the concentration gradients can significantly impact the interfacial impedance. The interfacial impedance of lithium/PEO-LiTFSI cells varies depending upon the time elapsed since current was turned off after polarization. The behavior is consistent with relaxation of the salt concentration gradients and indicates that a portion of the interfacial impedance usually attributed to the SEI layer is due to concentrated salt solutions next to the electrode surfaces that are very resistive. These resistive layers may undergo actual phase changes in a non-uniform manner and the possible role of the reduced mobility polymer layers in dendrite initiation and growth is also explored. It is concluded that PEO and ethylene oxide-based polymers are less than ideal with respect to this interfacial behavior.Introduction.

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Negatives for secondary Li-batteries: Li-alloys or metallic Li?

Cited by 6 publications

References 15 publications

Investigation on the fire-induced hazards of Li-ion battery cells by fire calorimetry

Investigation on the fire-induced hazards of Li-ion battery cells by fire calorimetry

Mass‐Transport Properties of Lithium Surface Layers Formed in Sulfolane‐Based Electrolytes

Interfacial behavior of polymer electrolytes

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