Negative video as structure: Emotion, attention, capacity, and memory

Lang, Annie; Newhagen, John E.; Reeves, Byron

doi:10.1080/08838159609364369

Cited by 285 publications

(233 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…For example, Bushman (1998) found that angry affect served as a mediator between the relationship of viewing a violent TV program and decreased commercial memory. In addition, research suggests that viewing a violent news story generates arousal and negative emotions (Lang et al, 1996). Arousal and negative emotions could prompt retrospective disruption for commercials embedded in the programs (Newhagen, 1998).…”

Section: Limitations and Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Violence and sex impair memory for television ads.

Bushman¹,

Bonacci²

2002

Journal of Applied Psychology

106

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Participants watched a violent, sexually explicit, or neutral TV program that contained 9 ads. Participants recalled the advertised brands. They also identified the advertised brands from slides of supermarket shelves. The next day, participants were telephoned and asked to recall again the advertised brands. Results showed better memory for people who saw the ads during a neutral program than for people who saw the ads during a violent or sexual program both immediately after exposure and 24 hr later. Violence and sex impaired memory for males and females of all ages, regardless of whether they liked programs containing violence and sex. These results suggest that sponsoring violent and sexually explicit TV programs might not be a profitable venture for advertisers.If your advertising goes unnoticed, everything else is academic. (Bernbach, 1989)

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Section: Limitations and Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Violence and sex impair memory for television ads.

Bushman¹,

Bonacci²

2002

Journal of Applied Psychology

106

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“…One possible explanation for this result is that post-learning stress enhances word memory performance, but relies on material arousal and not on the valence of stimuli. Both the valence and arousal of the material mediate the processing of emotional memory (Lang, Newhagen, & Reeves, 1996), and arousal ranges from calming to exciting, while valence ranges from positive to negative. In examining the relationship between the effect of acute stress on emotional memory, especially pre-learning stress and acute stress on memory retrieval, Wolf (2009) asserted that arousal might be more important than valence with regard to the occurrence of stress effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Effects of Post-Learning Stress on Memory

Lin¹,

Tanno²

2012

PSYCH

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To investigate the enhancing effect of post-learning stress on memory, we requested 38 Japanese undergraduates to perform a learning task that involved positive, negative, and neutral words with controlled arousal and subsequently assigned them to a stress group (exposed to acute white noise) or a control group. After a 10-min filler task, we administered a delayed free recall test and a recognition test. We found that exposure to acute stress after learning significantly enhanced recognition memory of words, but found no differences in memory scores for stimuli of varying valence. We accordingly propose that post-learning stress, though enhancing memory performance, may not depend on word valence when stimulus arousal is controlled. This is the first study to find that post-learning stress enhances memory after a short delay, and it has several implications with regard to traumatic memories in stress-related disorders.

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“…(This is akin to motivational activation. [55,56]) Witnesses who are more nonverbally expressive in hearings may be making greater effort to persuade the committee members (as studies of the use of gestures have shown [52]), or certain facial expressions may be expressing latent emotions.…”

Section: Coding Of Nonverbal Behaviour In Parliamentary Hearingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To be sure, measures for coding should avoid incurring inconsistencies arising from human idiosyncrasies, [53] and to the extent that the agreed results reported below are based upon a simple 100% agreement that one set of witnesses or committee exhibited relatively more nonverbal cues (anger, happiness, etc) than the other set of witnesses or committee, the bulk of the coding results do not report as findings any inconsistencies among the coders (and so, a measure such as Krippendorff's Alpha is not used). Studies do not usually discuss differences among coders (although exceptions include: Schubert and colleagues, who comment on a coder's "idiosyncratic tendency to overcode"; [43] and Bucy and Gong, who discuss specific techniques for improving intercoder reliability and precision [9,[55][56][57][58]) and yet-as discussed earlier-receivers of nonverbal messages do not necessarily respond in similar ways, as these signals are conditional on pre-existing attitudes and the situational context of the behaviour, and some individuals are simply more adept than others in discerning the meaning of the signals. Finally, "stereotypical" university undergraduates have been criticized for being "socially compliant" and "more likely to be mercurial in their attitudes because of lack of self-knowledge."…”

Section: Coding Of Nonverbal Behaviour In Parliamentary Hearingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonverbal contention and contempt in U.K. parliamentary oversight hearings on fiscal and monetary policy

Schonhardt-Bailey

2017

Polit. life sci.

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In parliamentary committee oversight hearings on fiscal policy, monetary policy and financial stability, where verbal deliberation is the focus, nonverbal communication may be pivotal inNotably, the concern here is with the explanations and justifications aspect of accountability, and as such, the focus is on the deliberative component of accountability, rather than the implications 3 or consequences of any judgements (e.g., sanctions, penalties or other consequences of judgements are not explored in this project). Moreover, the "judgments" of parliamentary committees are not in the form of votes (at least in respect to oversight hearings), but rather are on-going and cumulative assessments of ministers and experts. In this way, both the deliberations and the judgments are dynamic and inherently interactional.Although deliberation is at the heart of decision making within public policy, its contribution remains inherently hard to measure and assess within a systematic framework. One approach to studying deliberation empirically is to apply textual analysis to the verbatim transcripts from committee meetings. In studying American monetary policy decision making, this methodology has proven valuable for gaining insights into both the policy meetings of the Federal Open MarketCommittee and the conduct of oversight by congressional committees. Parliament is especially important for select committee activity, given the much greater prominence of these committees following the key reforms of 2010 which among other things, created the election of committee members and chairs, thereby stripping the power of the party whips to appoint these members and thereby lent the committees greater autonomy in holding the Government to account[6], and even (more rarely) triggering resignations by top officials (most recently, the resignation of a newly appointed Bank of England deputy governor [7]).The findings from textual analysis are instructive as to the depth and breadth of arguments used by policymakers in their defence of policy actions. In particular, this analysis finds that deliberation in fiscal policy hearings contrasts sharply with deliberation in monetary policy and financial stability hearings, and moreover, the deliberation conducted by MPs in the Commons committee also contrasts systematically from that conducted by peers in the Lords committee. The context for these differences in content will be described further below, but the point here is that while textual analysis is effective in empirically measuring the deliberative content, it provides no information as to the delivery of these arguments within a deliberative setting. In short, the written 4 record provides us with the semantic content of deliberation, but not the underlying interpersonal dynamic of the committee hearing. Measuring nonverbal behaviour promises a means to gauge better both the emotive tone of the arguments but also the nature of the intentions of the witnesses appearing before each committee, witnesses whose credibility and inten...

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Negative video as structure: Emotion, attention, capacity, and memory

Cited by 285 publications

References 23 publications

Violence and sex impair memory for television ads.

Violence and sex impair memory for television ads.

Enhancing Effects of Post-Learning Stress on Memory

Nonverbal contention and contempt in U.K. parliamentary oversight hearings on fiscal and monetary policy

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