Negative Thoughts and Metacognitions in Anxious Children Following CBT

Normann, Nicoline; Lønfeldt, Nicole Nadine; Reinholdt-Dunne, Marie Louise; Esbjørn, Barbara Hoff

doi:10.1007/s10608-015-9740-2

Cited by 14 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…Normann et al (2016) in a trial of CBT for patients aged 7–12, with several anxiety disorders, examined changes on the total score of the MCQ-C30. The treatment successfully reduced anxiety symptoms from pre-treatment to post-treatment (medium effect) and pre-treatment to follow-up (large effect).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Metacognitions Questionnaire and Its Derivatives in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review of Psychometric Properties

2019

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Background: The Metacognitions Questionnaire (MCQ) and its derivatives have been instrumental in research examining the Self-Regulatory Executive Function Model in adults. Studies testing whether findings are applicable to children and adolescents have been increasing and several different measures adapting the MCQ for younger populations have been developed. The current study aimed to systematically review the psychometric properties of MCQ measures or derivatives used in young people (aged 18 or less), to help assess current findings in this population and to guide future research in this growing area of investigation.Method: Systematic searches were carried out on PubMed and PsycINFO of studies published up to June 2018. Additional studies were identified through Google Scholar and article references. Validity, reliability, range and responsiveness of measures were examined as well as analyses of age and gender differences on scores.Results: Forty-five articles were identified. The total sample consisted of 7,803 children and adolescents (6,922 non-clinical, 881 clinical) aged 7–18. Studies used one of seven versions of the questionnaire, five adapted from the MCQ for younger populations: (1) The Metacognitions Questionnaire-Adolescent version; (2) The Metacognitions Questionnaire-Child version; (3) The Metacognitions Questionnaire-Child Version-Revised; (4) The Metacognitions Questionnaire-Child-30; and (5) The Metacognitions Questionnaire-65 Positive Beliefs Scale Revised; and two adult versions used without adaptation: (1) The Metacognitions Questionnaire-30 and (2) The Cognitive Self Consciousness Scale-Expanded. The validity and reliability of the Metacognitions Questionnaire-Adolescent version had the most extensive support. Other questionnaires had either mixed psychometrics or promising initial findings but more limited data.Conclusions: It is recommended that studies using adolescents (age 12–18) consider using the Metacognitions Questionnaire-Adolescent version. Based on initial data, it is suggested studies using younger populations should consider the Metacognitions Questionnaire-Child-30 but further psychometric research into this and other measures is needed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Metacognitions Questionnaire and Its Derivatives in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review of Psychometric Properties

2019

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“…Studies that have examined cognitive change during child anxiety treatment, showed mixed results. Consistent with theory, studies have shown that a change in distorted cognition is associated with symptom change [17,18,23,24]. However, some studies did not (or only partially) demonstrate this association [16,19,25].…”

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confidence: 75%

“…However, the exact mechanism through which CBT exerts its effects is still largely unclear [14]. Researchers have started to investigate mediators of CBT for childhood anxiety disorders [15][16][17][18][19]. Surprisingly, despite the theoretical assumptions of CBT [7,20], only a handful of studies has investigated cognitive variables as potential mediators.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Role of Distorted Cognitions in Mediating Treatment Outcome in Children with Social Anxiety Disorder: A Preliminary Study

Mobach

Rapee

Klein

2021

Child Psychiatry Hum Dev

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This study examined whether distorted cognition changes during cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) in children (N = 61; aged 7–12) with social anxiety disorder (SAD) and whether changes in distorted cognition from pre- to post-treatment predict SAD at 6-month follow-up. Baseline distorted cognition was also examined as a predictor of post-treatment outcome. Multiple informant SAD-measures were obtained pre-treatment, post-treatment and at 6-month follow-up. Children reported on interpretation bias and dysfunctional beliefs. A decrease in interpretation bias and dysfunctional beliefs was prospectively related to greater SAD change between post-treatment and 6-month follow-up. Child-reported SAD-change at post-treatment predicted greater change in dysfunctional beliefs at 6-month follow-up. Higher baseline interpretation bias predicted greater change in SAD-severity at post-treatment. Children with greater distorted cognition reductions during treatment, showed greater treatment gains at 6-month follow-up. Children who do not show this reduction may require additional efforts focused on distorted cognition to maximally benefit from treatment.

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“…Although cognitive and behavioral factors such as self-talk, thinking styles, coping, and self-efficacy have been evaluated as potential mediators of CBT outcome studies, few of these studies to date meet the necessary standards for establishing mediators as mechanisms of change (Normann, Lønfeldt, Reinholdt-Dunne, & Esbjørn, 2015). Mediation studies are rarely designed to assess the temporal precedence of change in mediator prior to change in anxiety outcomes (Maric, Heyne, MacKinnon, van whether the cognitive and behavioral changes are the result of reduced anxiety.…”

Section: Interventions For Anxiety Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%