Negative symptoms in schizophrenia, assessed by the brief negative symptom scale, self-evaluation of negative symptom scale, and social cognition: a gender effect

Wójciak, Paweł; Domowicz, Klaudia; Andrzejewska, Marta; Rybakowski, Janusz

doi:10.1080/13651501.2020.1810278

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Moriarty et al (18) suggested that negative symptom severity is greater in male patients. This was confirmed in subsequent research of Galderisi et al (19) as well as our recent study as to the assessment on the BNSS scale (20).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Association of Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia Assessed by the BNSS and SNS Scales With Neuropsychological Performance: A Gender Effect

et al. 2021

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Objective: The relationship between negative symptoms and neurocognitive performance in schizophrenia is well documented, but the mechanism of these connections remains unclear. The study aims to measure the relationship between the results on the new scales for the assessment of negative symptoms such as Brief Negative Symptom Scale (BNSS) and Self-evaluation of Negative Symptoms (SNS), and the results of some neurocognition tests. The second aim is to assess a possible gender effect on these associations.Methods: The study included 80 patients (40 men, 40 women) with schizophrenia, aged 19–63 (mean 38 years), during the improvement period (total PANSS score <80, unchanged pharmacological treatment in the last 3 weeks). They were assessed using the BNSS, SNS, Personal and Social Performance (PSP) scales, and the tests for neuropsychological performance such as the Trail Making Test (TMT-A, TMT-B), Stroop Color-Word Interference Test, Verbal fluency tests (VFT), Category fluency test (CFT), and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST).Results: Male patients obtained higher scores than females on some PANSS and BNSS items. No gender differences were observed for the SNS scale. Female patients scored better in the PSP and CFT. In male patients, a significant positive correlation between the intensity of negative symptoms measured by the BNSS and the results of PSP with the Trail Making Test was observed. In female patients, we found a positive correlation between the results of BNSS and PSP with the Stroop Color-Word Interference Test.Conclusion: The obtained results confirm the relationship between negative symptoms and neurocognition in schizophrenia patients. However, in male and female patients such association was observed for different cognitive domains. Further research is needed to explain the nature of these differences.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Association of Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia Assessed by the BNSS and SNS Scales With Neuropsychological Performance: A Gender Effect

et al. 2021

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“…Although non-conclusive data have been reported so far on this topic, a disadvantage in males vs. females has been found in some studies with respect to social cognition ( 66 , 80 , 84 , 97 ). However, discrepant findings have also been reported, as no gender differences in patients with schizophrenia have been found ( 68 , 98 , 99 ).…”

Section: Impairment In Neurocognition and Social Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…A study with a prospective design with 5-year follow-up carried out in the large sample of patients (118), found a better social functioning in females. In more recent papers, a better social functioning in females has been confirmed (14,68,86,122), however, also a lack of gender differences has been reported (123). In a study assessing several areas of social functioning, the advantage of females was limited to areas related to independence and competence in daily life (124).…”

Section: Functional Outcome and Recoverymentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Another frequently reported gender difference in psychopathology is a greater severity of negative symptoms in males vs. females ( 1 , 2 , 5 , 13 , 15 , 16 , 18 , 40 , 64 – 68 ). This finding has been confirmed in patients with first-episode psychosis ( 43 , 69 , 70 ), as well as in older adults with schizophrenia ( 65 , 71 ).…”

Section: Psychopathological Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The only study in which the two factors were separately analyzed ( 71 ) found that the greater severity of negative symptoms in males was limited to the experiential deficit. Another study which analyzed scores of subscales assessed with a new generation rating scale for negative symptoms ( 68 ) found that males had a significantly higher score only on the total as well as on the subscales “distress” and “asociality.” No study took into account the distinction between primary and secondary negative symptoms.…”

Section: Psychopathological Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gender Differences in Clinical and Psychosocial Features Among Persons With Schizophrenia: A Mini Review

et al. 2021

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An extensive literature regarding gender differences relevant to several aspects of schizophrenia is nowadays available. It includes some robust findings as well as some inconsistencies. In the present review, we summarize the literature on gender differences in schizophrenia relevant to clinical and social outcome as well as their determinants, focusing on clinical variables, while gender differences on biological factors which may have an impact on the outcome of the disorder were not included herewith. Consistent findings include, in male with respect to female patients, an earlier age of illness onset limited to early- and middle-onset schizophrenia, a worse premorbid functioning, a greater severity of negative symptoms, a lower severity of affective symptoms and a higher rate of comorbid alcohol/substance abuse. Discrepant findings have been reported on gender differences in positive symptoms and in social and non-social cognition, as well as in functional outcome and rates of recovery. In fact, despite the overall finding of a more severe clinical picture in males, this does not seem to translate into a worse outcome. From the recent literature emerges that, although some findings on gender differences in schizophrenia are consistent, there are still aspects of clinical and functional outcome which need clarification by means of further studies taking into account several methodological issues.

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Predictors of Functioning and Recovery Among Men and Women Veterans with Schizophrenia

Goodsmith

Cohen

Pedersen

et al. 2022

Community Ment Health J

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Negative symptoms in schizophrenia, assessed by the brief negative symptom scale, self-evaluation of negative symptom scale, and social cognition: a gender effect

Cited by 8 publications

References 39 publications

Association of Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia Assessed by the BNSS and SNS Scales With Neuropsychological Performance: A Gender Effect

Association of Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia Assessed by the BNSS and SNS Scales With Neuropsychological Performance: A Gender Effect

Gender Differences in Clinical and Psychosocial Features Among Persons With Schizophrenia: A Mini Review

Predictors of Functioning and Recovery Among Men and Women Veterans with Schizophrenia

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