Negative Symptoms in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease

Galynker, Igor; Roane, David M.; Miner, Christian R.; Feinberg, Todd E.; Watts, Patricia

doi:10.1097/00019442-199524310-00007

Cited by 25 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In an additional study, Galynker et al (1995) examined the occurrence of negative symptoms in patients with AD. They were interested in the negative symptoms in dementia S9 relationship of these symptoms to cognitive impairment and depression.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative symptoms in the elderly patient with dementia

Reichman¹,

Negrón²

2001

Int. J. Geriat. Psychiatry

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confidence: 99%

Negative symptoms in the elderly patient with dementia

Reichman¹,

Negrón²

2001

Int. J. Geriat. Psychiatry

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“…Ninety percent of PWD eventually develop passivity when skills associated with cognition and language decrease and the ability to interact with people, activities, and the environment is slowly lost (Parasuraman, 1980). Galynker et al (1995) found a significant correlation between negative symptoms (PB) and cognitive deficits in the AD group studied. Doody et al, (1995) found that persons with AD who were passive had significantly lower MMSE scores, faster estimated rates of decline in MMSE scores, and lower WAB Auditory Comprehension scores.…”

Section: Theoretical Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…A behavioral component of dementing illnesses which is often overlooked-passive behavior (PB)-affects a larger number of nursing home residents (61-88%) and characterizes the 'silent majority' of persons who manifest a reduction of energy, drive, and initiative (Galynker et al, 1995). Apathy, one behavioral component of PB, has been described.…”

Section: Background and Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apathy, as a psychosocial need state proximal variable, has been researched and found to be different both in its mechanisms and clinical management from clinical depression in PWDs (Galynker et al, 1995;Reichman et al, 1996;Marin, 1990). Dimensions of the physical environment such as light, sound, and heat have not been researched in relation to PBs.…”

Section: Theoretical Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Special Section—Behavioral symptoms of dementia: their measurement and intervention. Caregiver interventions for passive behaviors in dementia: links to the NDB model

Colling

2004

Aging & Mental Health

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Passive behavior (PB) in persons with Alzheimer's disease (PWAD) has been overlooked despite recognition that it occurs on a daily basis and is often resistant to interventions. The purpose of this study was to describe how the experience of passivity was for the caregiver and the PWAD, factors that precipitated PB, caregiver responses that promoted engagement, and caregiver responses that intensified PB, as well as activities initiated by caregivers over the past month that reduced passivity in the person with dementia (PWD). Fifty caregivers of community-dwelling persons with mild (n = 15), moderate (n = 16), and severe (n = 19) Alzheimer's disease participated in a semi-structured interview. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi's Phenomenological Thematic Extraction and descriptive statistics. Caregivers identified decreased levels of activity, decreased verbalization, withdrawal, less socialization, and decreased interest in activities as examples of PBs. For caregivers, the experience of coping with PBs engendered frustration with their loved ones' cognitive deterioration, difficulty in watching and accepting loss of function, fatigue, sadness, and using coping skills. Paradoxically, both being alone and increased environmental stimuli precipitated PB. Feelings of helplessness and loss of control by the person also caused PB. The most successful interventions to promote engagement were: giving cues and assistance, initiating the task, giving guidance, and providing enjoyable activities. Responses that hindered engagement included: 'correcting' or putting stress on the person, rushing activities, and repeating directions. Faith, humor, patience, and contact with friends and family were identified as positive approaches. Caregiver interventions demonstrated synchrony with selected background and proximal variables in the Need-driven Dementia-compromised Behavior (NDB) model.

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“…4 However, in certain circumstances, selected enhancement of sensory experiences is helpful in overcoming the apathy and passive behaviors that are seen in 61% to 88% of individuals with Alzheimer's disease. 57 For example, visual, color contrast between the food and the dishes the food is served on may also aid attention on the task of eating. 58 In an exercise class, the use of familiar music can motivate cognitively impaired individuals to dance and move (E. Galick and B. Resnick, PhD, unpublished data, July 2006).…”

Section: Enhancing Sensory Experiences and The Physical Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restorative Care With Cognitively Impaired Older Adults

Galik

2007

Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation

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More than half of individuals diagnosed with dementia experience significant functional limitations. A restorative philosophy of care focuses on the restoration and/or maintenance of physical function and helps older adults to compensate for functional impairments so that the highest level of function is obtained and complications of physical dependence are minimized. When working with cognitively impaired individuals who commonly exhibit behavioral and psychiatric symptoms, it is essential to move beyond the tendency to focus only on behavioral interventions, and also implement a restorative philosophy of care that maximizes physical function and quality of life. This article describes a 4-step approach that can be used to implement a restorative philosophy of care for older adults with cognitive impairment and their caregivers.

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Negative Symptoms in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease

Cited by 25 publications

References 43 publications

Negative symptoms in the elderly patient with dementia

Negative symptoms in the elderly patient with dementia

Special Section—Behavioral symptoms of dementia: their measurement and intervention. Caregiver interventions for passive behaviors in dementia: links to the NDB model

Restorative Care With Cognitively Impaired Older Adults

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