Negative Symptoms in Depressed and Schizophrenic Patients

Bottlender, Ronald; Sato, Tetsuya; Groll, Constanze; Jäger, Markus; Kunze, Ines; Möller, Hans‐Jürgen

doi:10.4088/jcp.v64n0816

Cited by 39 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…A comparable factor structure has also been found when only patients with bipolar disorder were investigated [42]. Nevertheless, it is a matter of debate whether negative symptoms can be reliably differentiated from depressive symptoms in cross-sectional studies [38,43]. …”

Section: Negative Symptoms Along a Mood-psychotic Disorder Continuummentioning

confidence: 62%

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The Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Category or Continuum?

Kaiser

Heekeren

Simon³

2011

Psychopathology

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Negative symptoms have been considered to be specific to schizophrenia or a subtype of schizophrenia: the deficit syndrome. In other words, these symptoms have been considered to be categorically different from other forms of human behavior and experience, whether they occur in healthy persons or patients with other psychiatric disorders. In this paper, we advocate a dimensional approach to negative symptoms, which is supported by two main arguments. First, enduring negative symptoms can even be observed in a variety of psychiatric disorders and they are not specific to schizophrenia. Second, we review evidence that negative symptoms show a continuous distribution from apparently healthy subjects to those with a fully developed clinical syndrome. Although the evidence does not allow for a definite decision concerning the dimensional distribution of negative symptoms, it certainly justifies exploring a dimensional approach with respect to its clinical and scientific utility. Understanding negative symptoms as a variation of normal mental processes will strengthen the development of neurocognitive models and treatment approaches.

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Section: Negative Symptoms Along a Mood-psychotic Disorder Continuummentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Negative symptoms of more than 1-year duration seem to be more specific to schizophrenia regardless of the primary/secondary distinction [43,48]. However, it has to be noted that even in these studies, up to 40% of patients with major depressive disorder showed enduring negative symptoms.…”

Section: Negative Symptoms Along a Mood-psychotic Disorder Continuummentioning

confidence: 99%

The Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Category or Continuum?

Kaiser

Heekeren

Simon³

2011

Psychopathology

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“…Also, studies have not employed comparable criteria to identify PNS. For instance, while one study included patients in the “negative symptom group” if they scored 2 or more on a minimum of 1 global SANS subscales [23], others have used a score of 3 or more [3]. In addition, some have also applied criteria that involve having clinically significant symptoms (score ≥3) on a minimum of 2 global items of the SANS [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying persistent negative symptoms in first episode psychosis

et al. 2012

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BackgroundAlthough persistent negative symptoms (PNS) are known to contribute significantly to poor functional outcome, they remain poorly understood. We examined the heuristic value of various PNS definitions and their respective prevalence in patients with first episode psychosis (FEP). We also contrasted those definitions to the Proxy for the Deficit Syndrome (PDS) to identify deficit syndrome (DS) in the same FEP cohort.MethodsOne hundred and fifty-eight FEP patients were separated into PNS and non-PNS groups based on ratings from the Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS). PNS was defined in the following ways: 1) having a score of 3 or greater on at least 1 global subscale of the SANS (PNS_1); 2) having a score of 3 or more on at least 2 global subscales of the SANS (PNS_2); and 3) having a score of 3 or more on a combination of specific SANS subscales and items (PNS_H). For all three definitions, symptoms had to be present for a minimum of six consecutive months. Negative symptoms were measured upon entry to the program and subsequently at 1,2,3,6,9 and 12 months. Functional outcome was quantified at first assessment and month 12.ResultsPNS prevalence: PNS_1 (27%); PNS_2 (13.2%); PNS_H (13.2%). The prevalence of DS was found to be 3% when applying the PDS. Regardless of the definition being applied, when compared to non-PNS, patients in the PNS group were shown to have significantly worse functioning at month 12. All three PNS definitions showed similar associations with functional outcome at month 12.ConclusionPersistent negative symptoms are present in about 27% of FEP patients with both affective and non-affective psychosis. Although there has previously been doubt as to whether PNS represents a separate subdomain of negative symptoms, the current study suggests that PNS may be more applicable to FEP when compared to DS. Although all three PNS definitions were comparable in predicting functional outcome, we suggest that the PNS definition employed is dependent on the clinical or research objective at hand.

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“…So ist die Korrelation zwischen depressiven und negativen Symptomen allenfalls moderat [37]. Auch gibt es Hinweise darauf, dass Negativsymptome bei Patienten mit affektiven Störungen nach ansonsten vollständiger Remission zu beobachten sind, wenn auch seltener als bei Patienten mit Schizophrenie [38,39]. Diese Befunde sind möglicherweise am besten in einem dimensionalen Modell zu konzeptualisieren [40].…”

Section: Affektive Störungenunclassified

Update: Negativsymptome. Psychopathologie, Epidemiologie, Pathophysiologie und Behandlungsoptionen.

2013

Swiss Arch Neurol Psychiatr

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SummaryUpdate: Negative symptoms. Psychopathology, epidemiology, pathophysiology and treatment options The negative symptoms of schizophrenia include blunted affect, alogia, a sociality, avolition and anhedonia. These symptoms are back in the focus of research owing to their strong impact on the functional ability and quality of life of individuals with schizophrenia. Psychopathological research has led to a consensus about the relevant symptoms and their measurement. N eurocognitive research approaches mainly view negative symptoms as a dysfunction of goal-directed behaviour and pathophysiological processes in the underyling brain stuctures. Treatment with second generation antipsychotics as well as add-on drugs shows only moderate effect. Cognitive b ehavioural therapy approaches are promising, but there are only a few s tudies focusing on negative symptoms. This article provides an overview on the current state of research on the psychopathology, epidemiology, pathophysiology and treatment options of negative symptoms.

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Negative Symptoms in Depressed and Schizophrenic Patients

Cited by 39 publications

References 0 publications

The Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Category or Continuum?

The Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Category or Continuum?

Identifying persistent negative symptoms in first episode psychosis

Update: Negativsymptome. Psychopathologie, Epidemiologie, Pathophysiologie und Behandlungsoptionen.

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